EGYPT. 



253 





Finances. The International Commission of 

 Liquidation estimated the annual revenue at 

 E. 8,411,622 for 1882 and succeeding years, and 

 on this basis assigned E. 3,513,734 to the serv- 

 ice of the debt and E. 4,897,888 to the expenses 

 of the Government ( E. 1 = $5). In the budget 

 for 1894 the revenue was estimated at E. 10,- 

 075,000, of which E. 4,870,000 are from the land 

 tax, date-tree tax, etc., E. 1,650,000 from rail- 

 roads, E. 1,410,000 from customs and tobacco, 

 E. 370,000 from judicial fines, etc., E. 200,- 

 000 from octrois, E. 170,000 from salt and 

 natron, E. 130,000 from postal boats, E. 

 129,000 from urban taxes, E. 125,000 from the 

 port dues at Alexandria, E. 112,000 from the 

 post office, E. 100,000 from lighthouses, E. 

 97,000 from fisheries, E. 90,000 from exemp- 

 tion from military service, E. 86,000 from rents 

 of Government property, E. 78,000 from navi- 

 gation dues, E. 54,000 from the pension fund, 

 E. 42,000 from telegraphs, E. 16,000 from 

 the Suakin district, and E. 246,000 from other 

 sources. The total expenditures were estimated 

 at E. 9,545,000, of which E. 3.883,019 are for 

 the service of the debt, E. 806.258 for rail- 

 roads, E. 727,271 for war, police, prisons, and 

 the army of occupation, E. 665,041 for tribute 

 to Turkey, E. 470,659 for public works, E. 

 445,000 for pensions, E. 400,000 for suppres- 

 sion of the corvee, E. 372,317 for the Ministry 

 of Justice, E. 323,035 .for administration of 

 the provinces, E. 134,962 for customs admin- 

 istration, E. 122,723 for the Ministry of the 

 Interior, E. 119,284 for administration of Sua- 

 kin. E. 119.221 for the Ministry of Finance, 

 E. 117,514 for other ministries. E. 106,927 

 for the civil lists of the Khedivial family, E. 

 106,500 for postal boats, E. 104,289 for the 

 Ministry of Public Instruction. E. 100,000 for 

 the civil list of the Khedive, E. 93.220 for the 

 post office. E. 55,934 for the Khedive's private 

 Cabinet, E. 45,966 for salt and natron, E. 

 40.200 for telegraphs,' E. 32,946 for collection 

 of octrois, E. 25,142 for lighthouses, E. 24.- 

 500 for port service at Alexandria, E. 9,115 for 

 the collection of fishery dues, E. 3,207 for the 

 collection of navigation dues, and E. 84.500 

 for other purposes. 



The Egyptian debt on Nov. 1, 1893, amounted 

 to 105,606,060 sterling, made up as follows: 

 55,986,140 of unified debt, paying 4 per cent, 

 interest ; 29,400,000 of 3^-per-cent, privileged 

 debt ; 8,444,000 of guaranteed 3-per-cent. bonds ; 

 the Daira Sanieh loan at 4 per cent., amounting 

 to 7,011,860; and the 4-per-cent. Domains 

 loan, amounting to 4,363,960: Besides the in- 

 terest on these loans, the Government had to 

 pay. for the last time in 1894, 115.900 interest 

 on Suez Canal shares held by the British Gov- 

 ernment, also an annual payment of 34,871 to 

 the Daira Khassa and the Moukabala annuity of 

 153.846, into which the internal debt was con- 

 verted, which will terminate in 1930, making the 

 total charge for 1894 for all descriptions of debts 

 4.358,863 sterling. 



Military Forces. The Egyptian army, com- 

 manded by the Sirdar Horatio H. Kitchener 

 and about 60 English officers, has a strength of 

 13,000 men. The British army of occupation, 

 commanded by Maj.-Gen. Forestier Walker, is 

 about 3,000 strong. 



Commerce and Production. The area 

 planted to cotton in 1892 was 864,000 feddans, 

 an increase of 13,000 over the previous year, and 

 the total yield was 4,987,500 kantars (1 kantar 

 = 99-05 pounds), compared with 4,765,000 kan- 

 tars in 1891. There were 1,165,676 feddans 

 under wheat, 1,559,906 under maize and durrah. 

 628,211 under beans, 148,095 under rice, 456,075 

 under barley, 77,216 under lentils, 133,484 under 

 fenugreek, 65,505 under sugar cane, and 875,761 

 under clover. The total area cultivated was 

 5,022,701 feddans, of which 1,108,000 produced 

 double crops. The total value of merchandise 

 imports in 1892 was E. 9,091,481, and of ex- 

 ports E. 13,341,318. The import of specie was 

 E. 3,826,400, and the export E. 2,048,900. 

 The chief exports of domestic produce and their 

 values were: flaw cotton, E. 8.838,034; cot- 

 ton seed, E. 1,923,700; sugar, E. 686,500: 

 beans, E. 693,000 ; wheat, E. 238,900 ; rice, 

 E. 137,100; Indian corn, E. 119,000; onions. 

 E. 114,150; hides and skins, E. 89,100; len- 

 tils, E. 43,400 ; wool. E. 34,150. The largest 

 exports and their values were : Cotton goods, 

 E. 1,541,600; silk, woolen, and linen goods, 

 etc., E. 1,303,700; timber, E. 688,300; iron 

 and steel manufactures, E. 637,500 : coal, E. 

 617,500; clothing, hosiery, etc., E. 376,500; 

 tobacco and cigars, E. 349,500: petroleum, 

 E. 324,250 ; wines, beer, and spirits, E. 293.- 

 850 ; coffee, E. 286,150 ; fresh and preserved 

 fruits, E. 273,000 ; machinery, E. 272,500 ; 

 indigo, E. 249,900; animals," E. 241,600; 

 wheat and flour, E. 204.600 ; rice, E. 152,- 

 116; refined sugar, E. 30,600. 



The distribution of the trade in 1892 is shown 

 in the following table : 



Total E. 9,091,481 j E. 13,341,318 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at the port of Alexandria during 1892 was 2.312, 

 of 2,116,123 tons; cleared. 2,291, of 2,072,212 

 tons. At Port Said, Suez, Damietta, and Roset- 

 ta, 6,988 vessels, of 7,922,652 tons, were entered, 

 and 7,053, of 7,919,634 tons, were cleared. Of the 

 arrivals at Alexandria, 664 vessels, of 933,911 

 tons, were British ; 127, of 285,519 tons, were 

 French; 944, of 248,284 tons, were Turkish; 

 134, of 201,983 tons, were Italian ; 139, of 197,- 

 962 tons, were Austro-Hungarian ; 79, of 121,- 

 657 tons, were Russian ; 36, of 46,763 tons, were 

 Norwegian : and 118, of 31,935 tons, were 

 Greek. 



Communications. The total length of rail- 

 roads completed before 1894 is 1,225 miles. 

 There are 30 miles under construction. The 

 number of passengers carried in 1892 was 7,047,- 

 295; the amount of freight, 1.161,892 metric 

 tons. The gross receipts were E. 1,680,164; 

 expenses, E. 728,242. 



