FRANCE. 



FREE BAPTIST CHURCH. 393 



torial. In case of war a neutral state by special 

 notification can claim the neutrality of the waters 

 beyond the territorial limit up to the actual 

 range of naval guns. Crimes committed on 

 board vessels passing through territorial waters 

 are not to be subject to the jurisdiction of the 

 riparian state, unless they violate its own rights 

 or interests, but such vessels must respect the 

 regulations of the state in respect to maritime 

 police and the security of navigation ; and the 

 riparian state has the right to pursue and cap- 

 ture on the high seas and judge an offending 

 vessel, but must not continue the pursuit in the 

 territorial waters of another state. Straits less 

 than 12 miles wide, unless subject to conventions 

 or special usages, belong to a state whose shores 

 are adjacent; if they separate two states the 

 boundary will run through the middle ; but if 

 they connect free seas they must never be closed. 



Colonies and Dependencies. Algeria has 

 an area of 184,474 square miles, and 4,124,782 in- 

 habitants. The Governor-General is Jules Cam- 

 bon, appointed in 1891. The revenue for 1894 

 was estimated in the budget at 48,291,150 francs, 

 and the expenditure at 70,466,729 francs. The 

 imports in 1892 amounted to 253,076,418 francs 

 in value, of which 189,689,134 francs came from 

 France, and the value of the exports was 243,- 

 967,164 francs, of which 200,191,040 francs repre- 

 sent exports to France. There are 1,956 miles 

 of railroads and 4,310 miles of telegraphs, with 

 10,000 miles of wire. 



Tunis has an area of about 45,000 square miles, 

 and 1,500,000 population. The Bey is Sidi Ali, 

 born Oct. 5, 1817. The French Resident is 

 Charles Rouvier. A corps of occupation of 

 about 11,300 men is kept there. The revenue 

 for 1894 was estimated at 23,231,000 francs, and 

 the expenditure at 23,153,850 francs. The im- 

 ports in 1892 were valued at 39,322,622 francs, 

 and the exports at 37,202,504 francs. 



Including Algeria and Tunis, the colonies and 

 protectorates of France'in Asia, Africa, America, 

 and Oceania are estimated to have an aggregate 

 area of 2,500,000 square miles. In Africa, Sene- 

 gal, Rivieres du Sud, the French Soudan and 

 Niger, with Gaboon and the Guinea coast de- 

 pendencies, are estimated to have a total area of 

 386,000 square miles, with 5,048,000 inhabitants. 

 The area of the French Congo is about 258,620 

 square miles, with 5,000,000 inhabitants. On the 

 east coast of Africa France has only the colony 

 of Obock, 46,320 square miles in extent, with a 

 population of 200,000. 



Reunion is an island peopled by planters who 

 are the descendants of French settlers and their 

 laborers, 420 miles east of the protectorate of 

 Madagascar. The area is 965 square miles. The 

 population in 1892 was 171,731, including 23,161 

 Indian coolies, 5,617 Malagasies, 9,769 African 

 negroes, and 412 Chinese traders. The revenue 

 in 1893 was 4,513,950 francs from ordinary, and 

 4,508,952 francs from extraordinary sources. 

 The imports in 1892 were valued at 22,240.000 

 francs, and exports at 15,734,800 francs. The 

 chief products are sugar and rum, but vanilla is 

 also produced, more than in any other country. 

 The importation of East Indian labor has been 

 stopped, and there is scarcity of labor, because 

 the emancipated negro slaves are not indus- 

 trious. 



Indo-China includes Cochin-China, Tonquin, 

 Annam, and Cambodia. Cochin-China is a 

 French colony, 23,082 square miles in extent, 

 with a population estimated at 2,034,453. There 

 were 1,830 French soldiers and 2,800 native 

 Annam ite troops there in 1892. About 3,000 

 Frenchmen reside in the colony. The chief 

 product is rice. Cotton is also grown, and large 

 quantities of peanuts, pepper, fish, copra, cocoa- 

 nut oil, and cocoanut fiber are exported. The 

 total value of the exports in 1892 was 81,464,560 

 francs. The Governor-General in the beginning 

 of 1894 was M. de Lanessan, who was recalled 

 late in the year for having interfered in French 

 elections. 



Cambodia is a self-governing protectorate, 

 over which Norodom is king. It has an area of 

 38,600 square miles, and between 1,500,000 and 

 1,800,000 inhabitants. 



Annam is a protectorate in which Tham Thai 

 was set up as king in 1889. The administration 

 is carried on by native mandarins, under French 

 supervision. The area of the kingdom is about 

 27,020 square miles, exclusive of 19,300 square 

 miles of Laos territories, and the population is 

 variously estimated between 2,000,000 and 5,000,- 

 000. Annamite envoys visited France in 1894, 

 in the hope of regaining the independence of the 

 native government in return for the relinquish- 

 ment of all rights over Tonquin. 



Tonquin is administered by French officers 

 with native subordinates. The area is 84,740 

 square miles, with a population of about 9,000,- 

 000. There were 18,555 troops in 1892, of whom 

 6,500 were natives. The imports in 1891 

 amounted to 25,159,300 francs, and exports to 

 11,828,513 francs. Merchandise of the value of 

 5,000,000 francs passed through Tonquin to 

 Yunnan, and Chinese produce of the value of 

 3,200,000 francs was brought down in transit. 

 The chief product of Tonquin is rice, of which 

 1,060,000 piculs were grown in 1892, and mostly 

 exported to Hong-Kong. There are coal mines 

 operated by French companies, also iron and 

 copper mines, and factories in which silk, cotton, 

 sugar, pepper, and oils are worked. The expen- 

 diture for Tonquin and Annam set down in the 

 French budget for 1894 is 24,450,000 francs. 



New Caledonia, an island near Australia, was 

 formerly a penal colony only, but now mines of 

 nickel, cobalt, chrome ore, galena, and coal are 

 worked, and plantations of coffee, sugar, cocoa- 

 nut palms, cotton, and vanilla. Wheat and other 

 cereals are also grown, and there are large cattle 

 ranges. The governor is M. Feillet. The policy 

 of the Government is to restrict the deportation 

 of convicts to New Caledonia, and gradually 

 transfer those who are there to the islands of 

 Kerguelen. At present only persons are sent 

 from France who are sentenced for brief terms. 



Tahiti and the dependent islands have an area 

 of 535 square miles, and 13,681 inhabitants. The 

 Marquesas Islands, with an area of 480 square 

 miles, have 5,145. 



FREE BAPTIST CHURCH. The statistics 

 of this denomination as published in the " Free 

 Baptist Register and Yearbook" for 1895 give the 

 following aggregates : Number of quarterly meet- 

 ings, 202; of churches, 1,550; of ordained min- 

 isters, 1,223 ; of licensed preachers, 241 ; of mem- 

 bers, 85,563; value of church property, $2,662,- 



