298 



GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS AND DISCOVERY. 



conclusions, one can not fail to feel the charm of 

 his style as well as admire his constructive skill 

 and his tireless industry. 



Proude was twice married. His first wife, 

 who died in 1860, was the sister of Mrs. Charles 

 Kingsley, and as Argemone is one of the charac- 

 ters in 'Kingsley's novel " Yeast." His second 

 wife, who was Miss Warre, and was married to 

 him in 1863, died in 1886. The historian left 3 

 children ; a son, Ashley Froude, and 2 daughters. 

 He was buried at Salcombe, and at the hour of 

 his funeral a commemorative service was held in 

 St. Mary's Church, Oxford, which was attended 

 by a great number of persons connected with the 

 university. Mr. Proude. throughout his career, 

 possessed a great charm of manner, and was 

 seldom unsuccessful in winning the regard of 

 those with whom he came in contact, whether 

 they were men or women. 



A complete list of his works includes the fol- 

 lowing publications : " Shadows of the Clouds," 

 published under the pseudonym " Zeta " (Lon- 

 don, 1847); "The Nemesis of Faith" (1848); 

 " The Book of Job " (reprinted from the " West- 

 minster Review," 1851) ; " History of England 

 from the Fall of Wolsey to the "Defeat of the 

 Spanish Armada " the work was originally in- 

 tended to extend to the death of Elizabeth (Lon- 

 don. 1856-70) ; " The Pilgrim " (edited), by Wil- 

 liam Thomas, Clerk of the Council to Edward VI 

 (London, 1861) ; " Short Studies on Great Sub- 

 jects " (London, 1867) ; " Inaugural Address de- 

 livered to the University of St. Andrew's " (Lon- 

 don, 1869) ; " The Cat's Pilgrimage " (Edinburgh, 

 1870) ; " Short Studies, Second Series " (London, 

 1871) ; " Calvinism, an Address delivered at St. 



Andrew's" (London, 1871); "The English in 

 Ireland in the Eighteenth Century " (London, 

 1872-74 ; new edition, 1881) ; " Short Studies. 

 Third Series" (London, 1877); "Life and 

 Times of Thomas Becket" (1878); "Caesar, a 

 Sketch" (London, 1879); "Bunyan,"in " Eng- 

 lish Men of Letters " (London, 1880) ; " Two 

 Lectures on South Africa" (London, 1880); 

 " Short Studies, Fourth Series " (London, ISis^j ; 

 " Reminiscences of the High Church Revival " 

 (1881); "Reminiscences of Thomas Carlyle" 

 (edited, London, 1881) : " Thomas Carlyle, His- 

 tory of the First Forty Years of his Life " (Lon- 

 don, 1882) ; " Letters and Memorials of Jane 

 Welsh Carlyle " (edited, London, 1883) : " Thomas 

 Carlyle, History of his Life in London, 1834-'* 1 " 

 (London, 1884) ; " Reminiscences of an Irish 

 Journey in 1849" (London, 1882); '"Luther, a 

 Short Biography " (London, 1883) ; " Oceana, 

 or England and her Colonies " (London, 1880) ; 

 "The English in the West Indies; or the Bow 

 of Ulysses " (London, 1888) ; " The Two Chiefs 

 of Dunboy : An Irish Romance " (1889) ; " Life 

 of Lord Beaconsfield " (London, 1890) ; " The 

 Divorce of Catharine of Aragon " (1891) ; " Life 

 and Letters of Erasmus" (London, 1894). Mr. 

 Froude attempted to suppress his first two 

 books : and with " Shadows of the Clouds " he 

 succeeded so completely that it can not now be 

 obtained at any price, while even the copy that 

 must have been deposited in the British Museum 

 to secure copyright had mysteriously disappeared 

 at least twenty years ago. With " The Nemesis 

 of Faith " he was not so successful ; several copies 

 had drifted to this country, and it has been re- 

 printed here several times. 



GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS AND DIS- 

 COVER Y. The Arctic Regions. There was 

 reason to expect that important results would 

 be reached in arctic exploration in the summer 

 of 1894. Five expeditions were already in the 

 field or were fitting out in the spring : Dr. Nan- 

 sen was on his three years' cruise ; Peary was 

 waiting to resume his work in Greenland ; the 

 expedition under Robert Stein to trace the un- 

 known western coast line of Ellesmere-Gi-in- 

 nell Land, which had been long promised and 

 well advertised in the journals, and its route 

 laid out, was supposed to be assured ; Walter 

 Wellman, an American, had organized a party, 

 including three other Americans as scientific 

 assistants and 10 Norwegian sailors, to advance 

 northward by way of Spitzbergen ; and in Eng- 

 land the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition was 

 about to set out for Franz Josef Land. These 

 expectations have not been fulfilled. The Stein 

 expedition had to be given up for this season 

 for lack of funds. 



Dr. Nansen, at last accounts, had not been 

 heard from ; this makes it improbable that he 

 wintered on the northern coast of Siberia or on 

 the new Siberian islands, since means of com- 

 munication from those places could have been 

 found. It is inferred that during the favorable 

 weather of the summer of 1893 he went directlv 



northward from Cape Tscheljuskin as far as 

 possible, and has been carried to the northwest 

 with the movement of the ice. 



Great interest was taken in America in the 

 Wellman expedition. The plan of using alumi- 

 num boats especially attracted attention. The 

 party left Tromsoe, Norway, May l,and on May 

 12 their ship, the " Ragnvald Jarl," reached 

 Table island, one of the seven-island group. 

 But the ice compelled a return to Walden is- 

 land, where Mr. Wellman left the ship on May 

 24 with 13 men, 40 dogs, and one hundred and 

 ten days' provisions. After the party had estab- 

 lished a depot they proceeded eastward 60 miles, 

 thence northeast, hoping to reach land. Up to 

 the day of the" departure of the sledge party the 

 expedition had had good weather, the worst 

 being only 20 below zero. From a report 

 by Capt. Bottolfsen, it is learned that on May 

 28 the screwing of the ice began in earnest. 

 Near the steamer were icebergs which towered 

 as high as the yardarms. While the crew were 

 drinking their afternoon coffee on that day the 

 steamer was suddenly crushed by the ice as it' 

 it were a match box. The water rushed in with 

 terrific force, and in a few minutes the vessel 

 was a complete wreck. The crew had escaped 

 to the shore. The men had been occupied for 

 several days in bringing provisions and the alu- 



