314 



GERMANY. 



five years. The number of households was 10,- 

 617,923; the separate dwellings, 5,790,689. The 

 total male population was 24,230,832, of whom 

 15,058,108 were unmarried, 8,372,486 married, 

 774,967 widowed, and 25,271 divorced or sepa- 

 rated ; the female population was 25,197,638, 

 comprising 14,591,560 unmarried, 8,398,607 mar- 

 ried, 2,157,870 widowed, and 49,601 divorced 

 or separated. Of the total population, 12 - 1 per 

 cent, lived in towns of over 100,000 inhabit- 

 ants. 9*8 per cent, in medium towns having 

 more than 20,000, 13-1 per cent, in towns rang- 

 ing between 5,000 and 20,000, 12 per cent, in 

 country towns of over 2,000, and 53 per cent, in 

 villages and other places. Berlin, the seat of 

 the Imperial and of the Prussian Government and 

 residence of the Emperor, had 1,578,796 inhab- 

 itants in 1890 ; Munich, Bavaria's capital, came 

 next, with 349,024; then Breslau, Prussia, with 

 335,186 ; the seaport of Hamburg, with 323,923 ; 

 Leipzig, Saxony, with 295,025 within the city 

 limits, but 569,260 counting the suburban places ; 

 Cologne, in Rhenish Prussia, with 281,681 ; Dres- 

 den, capital of Saxony, with 276,522 ; and then 

 Magdeburg, Prussia, with 202,234. In the total 

 population the boys under ten years of age num- 

 bered 5,993,681, the girls 5,966,226; men over 

 eighty numbered 90,161, and old women 119,289. 

 The Protestant religion was the faith of 62*8 per 

 cent, of the population, Catholicism that of 35-8 

 per cent., while 0'29 per cent, followed other 

 forms of Christianity, 1*1 per cent, were Jews in 

 religion, and 0'03 per cent, were not classified. 

 The percentage of illiterates among army recruits 

 in 1892 was only 0'45 per cent. There were 56,- 

 560 elementary schools in 1892, with 120,030 

 teachers and 7,925,000 pupils. The number of 

 marriages in 1891 was 399,398; of births, 1,903,- 

 160 ; of deaths, 1,227,409 ; excess of births, 675,- 

 751. The number of emigrants in 1892 was 116,- 

 339, of whom 111,806 went to the United States; 

 the number sailing from Hamburg and Bremen 

 who were not of German nationality was 151,412. 

 Finances. The revenue was estimated in the 

 budget for 1893-'94 at 1,255,000,000 marks (1 

 'mark = 23'8 cents), and the expenditure at 1,259,- 

 147,000 marks. On both sides of the account 

 are reckoned 169,475,000 marks of extraordinary 

 receipts from loans, etc., expended for extraor- 

 dinary requirements of the army, navy, etc. The 

 receipts from customs and excise duties reserved 

 for the Imperial Government were estimated at 

 602,919,800 marks; from stamps, 36,514.000 

 marks; from posts and telegraphs, 21,290,100 

 marks; from railways, 20,745,100 marks; from 

 various departments, 13,375,100 marks; from 

 invalid pension fund, 24,672,100 marks ; from 

 the Imperial Bank, 7,117,500 marks; from the 

 printing office, 1,392,000 marks; from imperial 

 funds, 148,000 marks; from various sources, 

 508,600 marks; Federal contributions, 356.842,- 

 300 marks. Of the total ordinary expenditure, 

 428,032,800 marks were for the army, 354,258,800 

 marks for the treasury, 65,966,000 marks for the 

 debt, 48.252,600 marks for the navy, 44,793,000 

 marks for the pension fund, 25,841,500 marks 

 for the Interior Department, 24,672,100 marks for 

 the invalid fund, 629,900 marks for the audit 

 office, 423,900 marks for t he Reichstag, 332,800 

 marks for railroads, and 153,500 marks for the 

 Chancellery, making the total recurring expendi- 



ture 1,005,547,800 marks, while the extraordi- 

 nary and nonrecurring expenditures amount to 

 253*599,000 marks. The apportionment of the 

 Federal contributions among the principal states 

 was as follows : Prussia, 211,556,800 marks; Ba- 

 varia, 43,434,500 marks ; Wurtemberg, 15,545,200 

 marks; Saxony, 25,612,500 marks; Baden, 12- 

 602,300 marks; Hesse, 6,888,200 marks; Meck- 

 lenburg-Schwerin, 3,889,700 marks; Saxe- Wei- 

 mar, 2,263,900 marks; Oldenburg, 2,465,900 

 marks; Brunswick, 2,917,600 marks; the city of 

 Hamburg, 4,874,000 marks. 



The funded debt of the empire on March 31, 

 1892, stood at 1,685,567,400 marks, and the ex- 

 chequer bills outstanding amounted to 120,000,- 

 000 marks. Against these sums the invalid fund 

 of 470,221,300 marks, 3,412,950 bank florins, 

 and 347,026 silver florins, and the war treasure of 

 120,000,000 marks kept in gold at Spandau for- 

 tress are set off. 



The following table shows the ordinary budgets 

 of the several German states for 1894, or for 1893 

 in the cases of Baden, Oldenburg, Saxony, Saxe- 

 Meiningen, and Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and 

 the condition of their public debts, the amounts 

 being given in German marks : 



! 



The accounts of Mecklenburg-Schwerin aiv 

 not published, and in the cases of Oldenburg and 

 some of the small duchies and principalities where 

 the revenues of the princes exceed the sums raised 

 by taxation, such as Reuss-Greiz, and Reuss- 

 Schleiz, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, etc., the 

 state revenues are not entirely distinguished. 

 Many of the states have productive works, such 

 as railroads, telegraphs, mines, and forests, ex- 

 ceeding in value their debts. Saxony's debt, for 

 instance, was raised solely for works" of this na- 

 ture, and the debt of Baden is purely a railroad 

 debt ; also that of Wurtemberg is almost wholly 

 one of that character. 



The Army. The annual contingent of young 

 men reporting for military duty at the age of 

 twenty is about 400,000, of whom 25 per cent, 

 are excused for disability or evade service by 

 emigrating. Of the 300,000 remaining, those 



