330 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



towns having more than 10,000, and 82*1 per 

 cent, in rural districts. The population of the 

 registration area of the English metropolis, prac- 

 tically coincident with that administered by the 

 county council, was 4.211. 056 in 1891; that of 

 Greater London, 5,633.332. In the central area 

 of the metropolis the population diminished in 

 the ten years from 1.101,994 to 1,022,529; in the 

 city of London the night population diminished 

 from 50,652 to 87,694, while the day population 

 increased from 261,061 to 301,384. The table 

 below gives the population of the cities and 

 towns of the United Kingdom having over 100,- 

 000 inhabitants at the census of 1881 and at the 

 last census and in June. 1893, as computed by 

 the registrar-general from the returns of births 

 and deaths : 



The number of persons in Wales and Mon- 

 mouthshire returned in 1891 as able to speak 

 Welsh only was 508,036, or 28'6 per cent., while 

 402,253, or 22*6 per cent., were returned as able 

 to speak both Welsh and English. The Welsh 

 bishops and friends of the Anglican Church in 

 Wales questioned these statistics, suggesting that 

 Welsh nonconformists were tempted to report 

 Welsh to be their sole language to give addi- 

 tional force to the demand for disestablishment. 

 The W T elsh language and literature are more cul- 

 tivated now than they formerly were, and they 

 will take prominent place in the scheme of stud- 

 ies of the new University of Wales, established 

 in 1894. In Scotland, 43.738 persons, or 1-09 per 

 cent, of the population, could speak only Gaelic 

 in 1891, and 210,677, or 5-23 per cent., could 

 speak Gaelic and English. In Ireland, 38.121 

 persons, or 0'81 percent, of the population, knew 

 no English, and 642,0f>3.or i::-<>5 per cent., could 

 speak both Irish and English. 



The total population of England and Wales, 

 as estimated by the registrar-general in June' 

 1893, was 29,729.506 : of Scotland, 4,093,959 ; of 

 Ireland, 4,606,527; United Kingdom, 38,429,992. 



The number of marriages registered in England 

 and Wales in 1892 was 226,922; of births, 897,- 

 957; of deaths, 559,090; surplus of births. 33s r 

 867. In Scotland the number of marriages w;is 

 28,637; of births, 125.011; of deaths, 75,5(is ; 

 surplus of births, 49,443. The number of mar- 

 riages in Ireland was 21,530: of births, 104,234; 

 of deaths, 90,044 : surplus of births, 14,190. 



The number of British-born emigrants in 1893 

 was 209,117, of whom 134,302 were English, 52.- 

 155 Irish, and 22,660 Scotch. As compared with 

 the previous year, there was a decrease of 605 in 

 the Scotch and of 747 in the Irish emigration. 

 but an increase in the English of 487, showing 

 for the whole United Kingdom a decrease of 

 925. Including foreigners, the number of emi- 

 grants that sailed from British ports in 1893 was 

 307,750, of whom 213,247 were destined for the 

 United States, 50,371 for British North America, 

 11,470 for Australasia, and 32,635 for other conn- 

 tries. The number of aliens who arrived from 

 the Continent of Europe in 1893 was 112.301). 

 The number of immigrants of British origin who 

 arrived in 1892, when the British emigrants 

 numbered 210,042, was 97,780, making the net 

 British emigration for that year 112,262. 



Finances. The revenue of the Government 

 for the year ending March 31, 1893, was 90.395,- 

 377, which was 57,623 less than the budget esti- 

 mate; and the expenditure was 90,375.: !( 15, 

 being 694,365 under the estimate. The net re- 

 ceipts from customs were 19,619,291, of which 

 10,124,435 were from tobacco, 3.399,375 from 

 tea, 2,078,535 from rum, 1.334,221 from bran- 

 dy, 678,768 from other spirits, 1,268,491 from 

 wines, 100,184 from currants, 173,858 inmi 

 coffee, 191,205 from raisins, and 270,219 from 

 various articles. The excise receipts were 25,- 

 283,134, of which 15,284,067 were collected from 

 spirits, 9,445,893 from beer. 234,280 from li- 

 censes, 310,325 from railways, and 8,569 from 

 other sources. The stamp duties yielded 13,- 

 788.383, of which 2.398.030 represent probate 

 duty, 3,242,091 legacy duty, 1,091,760 estate 

 duty on personalty and 162.902 on realty, 

 1,455,806 succession duty, 2,412.894 stamps on 

 deeds, 1,148,396 on receipts, 665.030 on bills of 

 exchange, 220,325 on patent medicines, 1 (!4, 1 55 

 licenses, etc., 124.970 duty on the capital of in- 

 corporated companies, 134,557 duty on marine 

 insurances, and 567,467 various other stamp 

 duties. The yield of the land tax was 1,024.- 

 713, of the house duty 1,411.511, and of the in- 

 come and property tax 13.439,576, making the 

 total receipts from taxation, direct and indirect, 

 74,566,608. The receipts of the post oflioe \\erc 

 10,344,353, of the telegraph service 2.4S6.?!H, 

 and gross receipts from Crown lands 515.5%. 

 The interest on the purchase money of Suez 

 Canal shares was 220,396. Receipts 'from mis- 

 cellaneous sources were 2,047,487, including 

 832,568 from fee stamps, 812.862 from the 

 civil departments, 30,447 from the revenue de- 

 partments, 170,971 from the Bank of England, 

 and 51, 117 from post-office savings banks, mak- 

 ing the total revenue not obtained by taxation 

 15.614,623. 



The expenditure for the year charged airainst 

 the consolidated fund was 28,306.175. Of this. 

 25,000,000 is the regular appropriation for the 

 service of the national debt, the charges being 



