342 



HAWAII. 



Earthquakes. In the evening of April 20, 

 1894, again early in the following morning, and 

 at intervals during two days, the greater part of 

 ancient Phocis and Bceotia was shaken by a 

 seismic disturbance which had its center in the 

 district of Atalanli, Phocis, and extended as far 

 as Athens and under the strait of Chalcis into 

 Euboea. The first arid severest shock occurred 

 while the peasantry were still laboring in the 

 fields, otherwise the destruction of life would 

 have been much greater. The villages of Male- 

 sina, Kiparissia, and Proskyna were entirely, the 

 villages of Martini, Muriki, and Topolias,as well 

 as the town of Atalanti, almost entirely, de- 

 stroyed, and few of the substantial houses or 

 churches in the district escaped. Some of the 

 village churches fell upon worshipers. The num- 

 ber of persons killed in this district alone was 

 238, and in other districts about 60. The pier 

 of the port of Atalanti was thrown down, the 

 level of the ground subsided 3 or 4 feet, and a 

 fissure appeared, extending from Mount Con- 

 stantinos to the outlet of Lake Copais, giving 

 rise to a dread lest the district thus marked off 

 should sink into the seas, as once a part of the 

 Phocian coast did, according to the record of 

 Thucydides. 



GUATEMALA, a republic of Central Amer- 

 ica. The legislative power is vested in the Na- 

 tional Assembly, composed of 69 representatives 

 elected by universal suffrage for four years. The 

 presidential term is six years. J. M. Reyna 

 Barrios was elected for the term ending in 

 1898. 



Area and Population. The area, according 

 to a recent calculation, is 48,280 square miles. 

 The population at the end of 1892 was 1,510,- 

 326. Guatemala, the capital city, in 1893 had 

 71,020 inhabitants. The number of marriages 



in 1893 was 5,735 ; of births, 64,738 ; of deaths 

 27,020. 



Finances. In the budget estimates for 1893- 

 '94 the revenue is set down as 10,422,752 pesos, 

 and the expenditure as 11,401,418 pesos. The 

 estimated yield of customs is 5,462,724 pesos ; of 

 internal revenue, 1,172,582 pesos ; of monopolies, 

 3,425,198 pesos ; other receipts, 362,248 ] 

 The items of expenditure are 1,008,953 peso* lor 

 the interior and justice, 165,199 pesos for foreign 

 relations, 596,337 pesos for finance, 1,928,220 

 pesos for the public debt, 1,777,877 pesos for 

 other obligations of the Government, 597,469 

 pesos for cost of collection and monopolies, 431,- 

 109 pesos for the Northern Railroad, 1,225,011 

 pesos for the Fomento Department, embracing 

 agriculture, public buildings, posts, telegraphs, 

 and roads and bridges, 1,756,820 pesos for the 

 army, 1,112,373 pesos for public instruction, and 

 802,050 pesos for various purposes. 



The internal debt on Jan. 1. 1894, was 6,020,- 

 062 pesos, the foreign debt 920,100 sterling. 



Commerce. The imports in 1893 amounted 

 to 6,384,000 pesos ; exports, 19,087,000 pesos. The 

 principal article of export is coffee, the shipment s 

 of which amounted to 13,765,983 pesos. Ba- 

 nanas were exported to the amount of 398,741 

 pesos. There were entered during 1893 at the 

 ports of Guatemala 500 vessels, of which 468 were 

 steamers ; total tonnage, 750,792. 



Communications. There were 120 miles of 

 railroad in operation in 1893, and 180 miles 

 under construction. 



The post office during 1893 sent 2,594,448 

 pieces of mail matter, and received 3,064,346. 



The length of the telegraphs in 1893 was 

 2,830 miles. The number of dispatches was 702.- 

 433, of which 15,675 were official and 53,016 con- 

 nected with the service. 



H 



HAWAII, a republic in the Hawaiian Islands, 

 established provisionally on Jan. 13, 1893, and 

 proclaimed definitely on July 4, 1894. Sanford 

 Ballard Dole, President of the Provisional Re- 

 public, was elected President by the Constitu- 

 tional Convention for the first regular term, end- 

 ing Dec. 31, 1900. His Cabinet was constituted 

 as follows : Minister of Foreign Affairs, Francis 

 March Hatch ; Minister of the Interior, James 

 A. King ; Minister of Finance, S. M. Damon ; At- 

 torney-General, William Owen Smith. 



Area and Population. The estimated area 

 of the islands is 6.640 square miles. The popu- 

 lation in 1890 was' 89,990, of whom 58,714 were 

 males and 31,276 females. There were 34,436 

 natives, 6,186 half castes, 7,495 born in Hawaii 

 of foreign parents, 15,301 Chinese, 12,360 Japa- 

 nese, 8,602 Portuguese, 1,928 Americans, 1,344 

 British, 1,034 Germans, 227 Norwegians, 70 

 French, 588 Polynesians, and 419 other foreign- 

 ers. The net immigration in 1890 was 2,532; in 

 1891, 4,499. The majority of the immigrants are 

 Japanese and Chinese. The population in July, 

 1893, was estimated at 97,554. The Chinese i'n 

 1894 numbered 15,105, while the Japanese colony 



had increased to more than 26,000. The number 

 of births in 1890-'91 was 4,438; of deaths, 4,1 77; 

 excess of births over deaths for the two years, 

 261. Honolulu, the capital, had 22,907 inhab- 

 itants. 



Finances. In the budget for the biennial pe- 

 riod 1892-'94 the receipts were estimated at 

 13,874,559 and the expenditures at $3,699,449. 

 The receipts from customs and navigation dues 

 were taken at $1,047,009 ; internal commerce 

 duties, $798,134 ; internal-revenue receipts, $987.- 

 414; sales of Government lands, $573,089; judi- 

 cial fines and costs, $105,055 ; Crown lands, $51,- 

 717; balance in the treasury on April 1, 1S92, 

 $312.141. The public debt on April 1, 1894, 

 amounted to $3,417,450, nearly all of which was 

 borrowed in 1893 and the ten years preceding at 

 6 per cent. 



Commerce. The chief products are sugar and 

 rice. Coffee is raised to some extent, and bana- 

 nas, hides, and wool are also exported. The im- 

 ports in 1892 were valued at $4,684,000, and the 

 exports of domestic produce at $7,960,000. In 

 1893 the imports rose to $6,333,000, and exports 

 to $10,750,000. Of the total trade the United 



