crafts, and trading, and whose Government has 

 persistently demanded equal rights in naturali- 

 zation, denization, etc., with the most favored 

 nation. All aliens who have aided and supported 

 the Provisional Government are entitled to 

 naturalization without further qualifications. 

 Electors for Senators must possess $1,500 worth 

 of real estate or personal property worth $3,OUO 

 or a clear income of $000 a year. No voter can 

 vote unless he is duly registered, and none can 

 be registered who is delinquent in his taxes. 

 Every voter must swear allegiance to the Re- 

 publican Government and abjure monarchy. 

 Unlike other constitutional countries, the Ha- 

 waiian Republic intrusts the power over the 

 purse to the upper chamber. The Minister of 

 Finance must submit to the Senate at each regu- 

 lar session appropriation bills for the succeeding 

 legislative period, and no appropriation bill or bill 

 providing for a national loan can be introduced 

 by any one except a Cabinet minister, save in the 

 case of the permanent pay roll, the items of 

 which are not voted year by year, but remain 

 fixed unless they are "amended or stricken out. 

 A bill to withhold, cut down, or increase any 

 salaries on the permanent roll may be brought 

 forward by any Senator. An uncommon but 

 not so unique provision is one empowering 

 the Minister of Finance, with the approval of 

 his colleagues and of the President, to collect 

 taxes and make payments during the next pe- 

 riod*in conformity with the last finance bills, in 

 the event of the Legislature's failing to vote a 

 tax bill or supplies to defray the current ex- 

 penses or legal obligations of the Government. 

 To be eligible for the House of Representatives 

 a citizen must have an income of $600 or pos- 

 sess property of the value of $1,000 : to be elect- 

 ed to the Senate he must have $1.200 income 

 or $3,000 worth of property. The President is 

 elected, as in France, by the vote of the two 

 houses sitting together, but the majority must 

 include a majority of the Senate. The first 

 President is named in the Constitution, being 

 Sanford Ballard Dole, the President of the Pro- 

 visional Government. In case of a vacancy in 

 the presidency, the office is to be filled by one 

 of the Cabinet ministers until a new President 

 can be elected. Each house of the Legislature 

 consists of 15 members. If one house adjourns 

 without the consent of the other, the latter 

 goes on alone with complete legislative power. 

 No session can extend over sixty working days 

 without the consent of the President, who has 

 power to summon the Legislature without the 

 consent of the Cabinet. The President may 

 veto any item in an appropriation bill, but 

 any other bill he can only sign or veto as a 

 whole. The Legislature meets once every two 

 years. The first regular session is to be held in 

 February, 1896. The election of members of 

 both houses was to take place within three 

 months after the promulgation of the Constitu- 

 tion. For electors for the House of Representa- 

 tives the register of voters for the Constitutional 

 Convention was to determine ; voters for Sena- 

 tors were required to be specially registered. 

 The Constitution begins with a declaration of 

 rights, substantially the same as were asserted by 

 the English in 1776 and embodied in the Ameri- 

 can Declaration of Independence. All existing 



HAWAII. 



345 



laws and rights and all treaties previously in 

 force are confirmed. Lotteries are prohibited. 

 Crown lands are declared to be the property of 

 the Government. The President and the Senate 

 have power to conclude a treaty of commercial 

 and political union with the United States. 



A special board of registration is to be created 

 for each island, and the qualifications of voters 

 must be rigorously scrutinized. The Legislature 

 may provide by special acts for the supervision,, 

 registration, control, and identification of all per- 

 sons, or of any class or nationality of persons r 

 and may also restrict or limit the term of resi- 

 dence or the business or employment of all per- 

 sons coming into the republic. This was in- 

 tended to fortify the hands of the Legislature in 

 dealing with the question of Chinese and Japa- 

 nese immigration. The Provisional Government 

 had considered a measure to prevent the Asiatic 

 coolies from engaging in trade or industry after 

 their term of contract labor had expired, but had 

 receded when the Chinese met in mass meetings 

 to denounce such race restrictions, asserting that 

 they paid more taxes than any other nationality. 

 The more eager annexationists, comprising the 

 more numerous class of whites who are engaged 

 in general trade and industry, from which they 

 are being driven by the competition of Asi- 

 atics, have demanded the prohibition of free 

 immigration from Asia, and also commercial 

 treaties with the United States or other countries 

 tha"t would preserve for them the import trade, 

 and as the competition becomes sharper they ask 

 for stoppage of the importation of coolies or 

 clamor for union with the United States, whose 

 laws forbid contract labor. The sugar-planters 

 and the missionaries, on the other hand, are less 

 desirous of immediate annexation, preferring 

 coolie labor to that of Portuguese, Swedes, or 

 Americans, who, by acquiring property, can ob- 

 tain the political franchise. The Constitution 

 retains the Advisory Council, which shall have 

 power to grant pardons and to raise money and 

 take action to meet great emergencies. This 

 council will consist of 15 members, of whom 5 

 will be elected by the Senate, 5 by the House of 

 Representatives, "and 5 by the President. The 

 present Advisory Council continues in legislative 

 and other authority until the first Legislature 

 elected under the Constitution is convened. The 

 Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, but 

 not freedom to advocate the restoration of the 

 monarchy. No alien entering the republic is 

 entitled to a writ of habeas corpus as of right. 

 The judiciary clauses are modeled after the 

 United States Constitution. The judges of the 

 Supreme Court are appointed by the President 

 and approved by the Senate, and they hold office 

 during good behavior, being removable only by 

 irnpeachment. or when a resolution to that end 

 is recommended by the President and Cabinet 

 and passed by a two-third majority of both 

 houses of the Legislature sitting together. 



The elections for the Senate and House of 

 Representatives took place on Oct. 29. The 

 native Hawaiians generally abstained. 



Civil Disturbance. For some months after 

 the refusal of the Provisional Government to 

 yield up its authority to the Queen the Native 

 party in Hawaii remained quiet and patiently 

 expected the United States Government still to- 



