426 



LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1894. 



Illustrators," by George Somes Layard ; " A Descrip- 

 tive aud Classified Catalogue of Portraits of Queen 

 Elizabeth," by F. M. O'Donoghue; "The Life of 

 Christ as represented in Art," by Archdeacon Fred- 

 eric W. Farrar ; " Raphael's Madonnas, and Other 

 Great Pictures," by Karl Karoly ; " Alfred Moore, 

 his Life and Works," by A. Lys Baldry ; " George 

 Romney and his Art," by Hilda Gamlin ; " Sir Joshua 

 Reynolds," by C. Phillips; and the series of monthly 

 " Portfolio Monographs, which took the place of the 

 old " Portfolio," each supposed to be devoted to the 

 work of a single artist, instead of the art miscellany 

 formerly issued during a period of twenty-four years. 

 The first was given to u Rembrandt's Etchings," 

 Philip Gilbert Hamerton supplying the text; other 

 artists commemorated were u Frederick Walker," by 

 Claude Phillips; "Jules Bastien-Lepage," by Mrs. 

 Julia Cartwright; and "Gainsborough," by Walter 

 Armstrong; "Round about Helvellyn" had both 

 notes and plates from T. Huson; and other numbers 

 of special value were " The New Forest," depicted by 

 three artists, with notes by C. J. Cornish ; and " FaiV 

 Women in Painting and Poetry," with text by Wil- 

 liam Sharp. A second edition appeared of " Pen 

 Drawing and Pen Draughtsmen," by Joseph Pennell, 

 which was published nve years ago; and J. C. L. 

 Sparkes ana F. W. Burbidge prepared together a 

 treatise on " Wild Flowers in Art and Nature," for 

 flower painters. 



History." The Meaning of History, and Other His- 

 torical Pieces," by Frederic Harrison, claims first our 

 attention ; and two other works of distinctive merit are 

 " Town Life in the Fifteenth Century," in 2 volumes, 

 by Mrs. J. R. Green, and u Social England," a record 

 of the progress of the people, by various writers, 

 edited by II. D. Traill, also in 2 volumes, which, it 

 has been said, marks almost a new departure in the 

 writing of history henceforth. " The Industrial and 

 Commercial History of England " was traced in lec- 

 tures by the late J. E. T. Rogers. " Europe, 1598- 

 1715," by Henry Offiey Wakeman, belonged to the 

 " Periods of European History Series," and J. H. Rose 

 covered later ground in "The Revolutionary and 

 Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815," in the " Cambridge His- 

 torical Series." " The Elements of English Constitu- 

 tional History," were traced by F. C. Montague from 

 the earliest times to the present day ; Dudley J. Med- 

 ley wrote " A Student's Manual of English Constitu- 

 tional History," and L. O. Pike "A Constitutional 

 History of the House of Lords." Vol. II appeared of 

 James Hamilton Wylie's " History of England under 

 Henry the Fourth " ; to Dr. J. B. Nevins we owe a 

 " Picture of Wales during the Tudor Period " ; the 

 indefatigable Samuel Rawson Gardiner published 

 Vol. I of a " History of the Commonwealth and Pro- 

 tectorate, 1649-1651 " (the fifteenth of the great work 

 he has undertaken of writing thoroughly the history 

 of the period between the union of the crowns and 

 the Restoration), in addition to writing a book upon 

 " The Stuart Period " for " Longman's Ship Historical 

 Readers," and editing with notes and an introduction 

 "Letters and Papers illustrating the Relations be- 

 tween Charles II and Scotland in 1650." " A Con- 

 cise History of Ireland from the Earliest Times to 

 1837" was published by Dr. P. W. Joyce, whose 

 "Irish Names of Places," published a quarter of a 

 century ago, gave an impulse to the study of local his- 

 tory throughout the island; and the latest "Calendar 

 of State Papers," edited by E. G. Atkinson, covered 

 "Ireland, 15%-".)7," giving a vivid picture of the posi- 

 tion of the English garrison on the eve of Tyrone's 

 rebellion. Other important publications of old docu- 

 ments embrace Vol. I of "State Papers relating to the 

 Defeat of the Spanish Armada," edited by John Knox 

 Laiiirhton ; Parts I and li of the thirteenth volume of 

 " Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the 

 Reign of Henry VIIl, preserved in the Public Rec- 

 ord Office, the British Museum, and elsewhere in Eng- 

 land " arranged and catalogued by James Gairdner; 

 and Vol. I. of " The Border Papers,'" edited by Joseph 

 Bain. W. M. Torrens wrote a " History of Cabinets " 



from the union with Scotland to the acquisition of 

 Canada and Bengal, in 2 volumes, and the " Story of 

 Ireland" was told once again by Standish O'Grady. 

 Vol. IV of " The History of Sicily from the Earliest 

 Times" was edited from the posthumous manu- 

 scripts of E. A. Freeman, with supplements, by A. 

 J. Evans; Evelyn S. Shuckburgh wrote "A Hi* 

 tory of Rome to the Battle of Actium." " The Gr 

 Pestilence (A.D. 1348-'49). now commonly kno\ 

 as the Black Death," proved an interesting 'record 

 an awful epoch by Dr. Francis A. Gasquet ; " Guelp 

 and Ghibellines," by Oscar Browning, was a she 

 history of Italy from 1250 to 1409; "Germany < 

 the Germans" was the theme of William Ilarl 

 Dawson ; " German Society at the Close of the Middle 

 Ages," by Belfort Bax, is' the first installment of a 

 series which aims at a presentation of the social side 

 of the Reformation in that country ; St. Glair Badde- 

 ley wrote 2 historical essays on "Charles III of 

 Naples and Urban VI," and " Cecco d'Ascoli, Poet 

 Astrologer, Physician," contained in 1 volume ; ai 

 2 were devoted to " Gustavus III and his Contemf 

 raries, 1746-1792," by Nisbet Bain. " The Portugiu 

 in India," by Frederick Charles Danvers, traced 

 rise and decline of their Eastern empire in the brief 

 compass of 2 volumes ; and " The Life and Times of 

 James the First, the Conqueror, King of Aragon," 

 were ably handled by F. Darwin Smith. " The Mu- 

 hammadans, 1001-1761 A. D.." by J. D. Rees, leads 

 not unnaturally to " The Conversion of India, from 

 Pantsenus to the Present Time, 193-1893," by George 

 Smith ; Vol. I. was issued of " Selections from the 

 Letters, Dispatches, and Other State Papers pre- 

 served in the Military Department of the Government 

 of India, 1857-'58," edited by George W. Forest; and 

 4 volumes contained " Bengal MS. Records," the work 

 of Sir William Wilson Hunter. W. T. Groom pub- 

 lished " With Havelock from Allahabad toLucknow, 

 1857 " ; Bishop Ingham told of" Sierra Leone after a 

 Hundred Years"; and the cause, history, and effect 

 of the Matabele war was traced by W. A. Walls and 

 L. T. ColHngridge in " The Downfall of Lobengula." 

 "Three Years with Lobengula, and Experiences in 

 South Africa," by J. C. Chadwick, and " Matabele- 

 land," by A. R. Colquhoun, may be mentioned in this 

 connection also, as well as " The Story of South 

 Africa," by George M. Theal, in the " Story of the 

 Nations Series." Other contributions to this - 

 were "Venice," by Alethea Wiel; "The Story of 

 Australasia," by Greville Tregarthen ; and " The Cru- 

 saders," by T. A. Archer and C. L. Kingsford. To 

 Church history belong " A History of the Christian 

 Church during the First Six Centuries," by S. Cheet- 

 ham, D. D. ; Vol. V of " A History of the Papacy dur- 

 ing the Period of the Reformation," given to " The 

 German Revolt, 1517-1527," by Mandell Creighton, 

 D. D., Bishop of Peterborough; " Way marks in 

 Church History," by Canon Bright ; " The Church in 

 France," by Canon Travers Smith, in " The National 

 Churches Series"; and Bishop Dowden's study of 

 " The Celtic Church in Scotland." Three volumes 

 by Dr. Robert Brown told " The Story of Africa and 

 its Explorers," and dealt with pioneer work ale 

 Several county histories are to be recorded, Augi 

 J. C. Hare choosing " Sussex," and dwelling upon 

 with loving pains ; " Old Dorset " fell to the lot of 1 

 J. Moule ; Lieut-Col. Henry Fishwiek wrote %i A His- 

 tory of Lancashire," and R. S. Ferguson "A History 

 of Westmoreland " ; while " U rquhart and Glenmoris- 

 ton " were chronicled by William Mackay, and " Dum- 

 friesshire illustrated" was a series of historical 

 sketches by Peter Gray, the first issue of which 

 " Nithsdale." " London and the Kingdom," by Regi- 

 nald R. Sharpe, in 3 volumes, 2 of which were issued 

 during 1894, traces the history of the great citv in its 

 influence as the capital in the shaping" and making <>t' 

 England, and Part II of " Charters and Other D"<-u- 

 ments relating to the City of Glasgow," from 1175 to 

 1649, edited by Sir James Marwicke, are not to be 

 omitted, illustrating as these do the history of the 

 city from innumerable points of view. " Glimpses of 



