LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL. 



435 



(posthumous) describes Alpine life. Paul Ileyse's 

 'Melusine" proves anew his pre-eminence amonj; 

 short-story writers. Among th 



ng 

 ic female novelists 



Einil Harriot (Emilie Mataja) has continued the 

 successes of her "Familie Hartenberg" (describing 

 family dissensions) arid "Der geistliche Tod "(deal- 

 ing with the mental conflict of a Catholic priest) in 

 her " Caritas," and is also the author of " Moderne 

 Menschen." Oxsip Schubin (Lola Kirschner), who 

 combines undoubted ability with literary coquetry 

 and studied elegance, hardly shows an advance in 

 " Toter Fruhling " and " Gebrochene Flugel " ; she has 

 also published " Woher tont dieser Missklang durch 

 die Welt"; and Marie Eugenie delle Grazie, who had 

 already won distinction in poetry, has written two 

 short stories, "Bozi" (a bit of clever humor) and 

 u Der Rebell" (praised for psychological depth of 

 character delineation), the action of both of them 

 taking place on the Puszta of Hungary. S. Jung- 

 haus's " Schwertlilie"; B. v. Suttrier's " Vor dem Ge- 

 wittcr," "Ilanna"; 1. Boy-Ed's " Sieben Schwerter," 

 " Werde zum Weib"; and N. von Eschstruth's u Die 

 JIaidehexe und and ere Novellen" are works by well- 

 known and popular women. The prose fiction of the 

 year includes also Maximilian Schmidt's u Hanclka, 

 das Chodenmadehen"; E. von Wolzogen's satirical 

 "Die Entgleisten " ; K. Misch's "Der Irrweg"; G. 

 Samarow's " Iniichter " ; Lp. v. Sacher-Masoch's 

 " Die Satten urid die Hungrigen " ; T. Zolling's " Die 

 Million"; Max Kretzer's " Die Buchhalterin"; K. v. 

 Heigel's " Heitere Erziihlungen"; F. v. Kaptf-Essen- 

 ther's "Himmel und Holle " ; E. Eckstein's "Der 

 Mi inch vom Aventin " ; Rbt. Byr's " Ein Reiter- 

 schwert"; K. E. Franzos's u Der Wahrheitsucher " ; 

 Eclf. v. Gottschall's " Eine Dichterliebe " ; and Hm. 

 Heiberg's " Blinde Liebe," " Geschichten aus der 

 Welt," and " Dr. Gaarz' Patienten." The inexhausti- 

 ble supply of poetry does not include many produc- 

 tions of the first order. Hermann Hango's " New 

 Poems " are marked by depth of thought ; the warm 

 feeling of the south German pervades the " Poems " of 

 D. Saul ; and the German-Eussian Maurice Reinhold 

 von Stern has in his " Erster Friihling " produced son- 

 nets of unusual beauty of form. Enthusiastic Guelph 

 patriotism is shown in Eichard Nordhausen's u Ves- 

 tigia Leonis " (treating of Henry the Lion) ; Albrecht, 

 Graf Wickenburg, the husband of the late writer of 

 that name, has issued his excellent u Tiroler Helden," 

 a collection of powerful and, concise ballads published 

 in honor of the unveiling of the Hofer monument on 

 the Iselberg. Rudolf Krauss has collected a noted 

 Suabian poet's occasional poems under the title 

 "_Eduard Morike als Gelegenheitsdichter." Atten- 

 tion might be called also to the enthusiastic celebra- 

 tion of the four hundredth birthday of Hans Sachs, 

 of whose true position in German literature so many 

 still lack the knowledge. J. J. David, well known 

 as a poet and novelist, has in his first play, " Hagar's 

 Sohn," shown the strength in dialogue and character 

 drawing which marks the realistic drama of to-day. 

 The weakness of the modern drama, we are told, 'is 

 defective dramatic action. Further contributions of 

 note to dramatic literature are : C. Karlweiss's na- 

 tional play, "Der kleine Mann" (characterized as a 

 successful imitation of Wildenbruch's " Hauben- 

 lerche") ; Max Halbe's comedy " Die Amerikafahrer " 

 (not successful like his "Juge'nd "); and Rudolf Lo- 

 thar's delicate fairy comedy " Der Wunsch." The 

 last dramatic work's (not of great value) of the late 

 Ed. v. Bauernfeld, in his time one of the best writ- 

 ers of German comedy, have been edited bv F. von 

 Saar. Felix Philippi's " Wohlthater der Mensch- 

 heit," his best effort, won great success ; Sudermann 

 has produced "Die Schmetterlingsschlacht "; "Das 

 Recht zu lieben," by Max Nordau (whose works on 

 degeneration, etc., have been translated into French ), 

 is said to combine French esprit with German pro- 

 priety; and Paul Lindau's " Ungerathene Kinder" 

 achieved only a succh cPestime. Other new plays are 

 Gustav von Moser's " Husarenstreiche" and "" Der 

 neue Diener"; and " Zerstortes Gluck," by A. Kir- 



stein, a newcomer. Although the Schiller prize had 

 been unanimously awarded by the commission to 

 Ludwig Fulda for his " Talisman." the award failed 

 to receive the sanction of the German Emperor, who, 

 it is reported, likewise did not permit the bestowal of 

 the Verdun prize on Heinrich von Sybel. 



Greece. Kparninondas Kyriakides" has issued Vol. 

 II of his " History of Contemporary Greece " ; Johan- 

 nes Kondylakis has compiled a " History of the In- 

 surrection in Crete"; F. Albana has issued" Corfiote 

 Memorabilia"; the " History of the Metaxas Family, 

 1081-1864," is recounted by Epaminondas Metaxas; 

 and in the" Recollections and Revelations" of Lukas 

 Ehallis, Timoleon Ambelas has published some epi- 

 sodes of the war of independence, as also the newer 

 history of Syra. The biography of Spyridon Pilikas 

 (Minister of Justice in 1853-'54) throws new light 

 upon the government of King Otho, while the 

 memoirs of Alexander Rhangabe, published by his 

 son, deal with the political and. literary life of Greece 

 during the greater part of the present century. An- 

 ton Miliarakis, in a monograph upon the geographical 

 name Messaria, controverts George Ilatziclakis by 

 maintaining that the name is derived from the Italian 

 word Massaria, while Ilatziclakis continues to support 

 his derivation of the name from /ue'era /xcpia. An im- 

 portant monograph on " Mycerue and the Mycenaean 

 Culture " is by Christos Tsuntas. Gerasimos Mavro- 

 jannishas written of "Byzantine Art and Byzantine 

 Artists." The ecclesiastical history of the modern 

 Greeks is chronicled in the " Antipapica" of Anasta- 

 sius D. Kyriakos, while Paul Gratsiatos shows an en- 

 lightened conception of Christianity in his " Rupture 

 of the Church with Christian Civilization." Platon 

 Drakulis defends his socialistic theories in " Inner 

 Light," Constantino Krystallis (died April, 1894), 

 who ha'd in a few years attained great popularity bv 

 his keen observation of rural life and his clever use 

 of the popular language, produced 7 spirited stories 

 in his "Prose Writings." Nicolas Vlachojannis 

 (Jannix Epachtitis) and Constantino Passajiannis 

 both follow in the footsteps of Krystallis. The first 

 has made a study of folklore in 3 charming stories 

 of popular life, while Passajiannis shows great promise 

 in his "First Tales" (9 stories). "Wild Flowers" 

 (19 stories), published under the nom de plume Bo- 

 heme by Demetrius Hatzopulos; "The Prime Min- 

 ister," a political romance by G. Vokos ; and " Our 

 Athens," a social novel by Nicolas Spandonis, should 

 likewise be mentioned. 'Kleon Rhangabe, author of 

 "Poems of Sorrow," is a purist whose verse is beau- 

 tifully classic in form. The most successful works 

 produced in 1893 at the summer theaters were " The 

 Lover of the Shepherd Maiden," by Demetrius Koro- 

 milas; "The Secretary of State," a farce by Kape- 

 tanakis ; and a tragedy, " Fausta," by D. Bernardakis. 



Holland. The two most important historical works 

 of the year are continuations of histories of the 

 Netherlands (those of Blok and Nyhoft'), the second 

 volume of each having appeared. Dr. de Roever's 

 illustrated history of the Dutch people has been con- 

 tinued since his death by G. J. Dozy. Johan Gram's 

 " 's Gravenhage in onzen Tijd " has been very well 

 received at home and abroad. B. H. Klonne's " Am- 

 stelodamensia" ; V. W T illern's "Brieven aan Baron 

 van Lijnden van Blitterswijk " ; F. van Goudoever's 

 " David van Saverne " ; J. J. Doesburg's " Geschie- 

 denis der Grieken," are other contributions to 

 history. Julius Jacobs has written an interesting 

 and valuable work on "Familie- en Kampong-Leven 

 op Groot-Atjeh," while C. Snouck Hurgronje's work 

 on this subject ("De Ajehers," Vol. I) has been or- 

 dered stopped, on account of publication of confiden- 

 tial information. F. J. van Uildrinks's "Beelden uit 

 Nederlandsch-Indie"; A. Pruys van der Hoeven's 

 " Veertig Jaren Indische Dienst'" ; L. T. Maijer's " De 

 Javaan . . .", are a few of the respectable number ot 

 publications dealing with the Dutch East Indies. In 

 the rubric " Religion" we have A. Kuyper's "Ency- 

 clopedic der heilige Godgeleerdheid"; S. Hoekstra's 

 "Zedenleer"; and G. H. Lamers's"De Wetenschap 



