LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL. 



437 



volume of Buda-Pesth sketches ; Aladar Saio's" De 

 Profundis " describes the life of the poor in the Hun- 

 garian capital ; a collected edition of Sandor Brody's 

 novelettes includes one of his best and latest, " Jizsbi 

 Benob " ; 20 stories and sketches by Rakosi Viktor 

 (Sipulus), marked by refreshing humor and fancy, 

 have been published under the title " Zuboly, Gyalu 

 & Co."; Denes Sziiry has attracted much attention 

 by his " Sketches " of travels ; Gyula Pekar shows 

 himself thoroughly imbued with modern Parisian 

 ideas in his " Problems of Chief-Lieutenant Dodo " : 



both victories and defeats to necessary and not acci- 

 dental causes. T. Carletti has written of " La Russia 

 contemporanea." C. de Lollis's " Scritti ed Autograti 

 di Cristoforo Colombo " and A. Giamberini's " Cristo- 

 foro Colombo e il Quarto Centenario della Scoperta 

 d' America " come as belated contributions to the lit- 



tori di Balene " is brightly descriptive. Biographical 



and Elek Benedek's novelette " Testament " and 

 " Stories from the Children's Room " have been 

 favorably noticed. Other new fiction : Alb. PalfiVs 

 " From Old Hungary's Last Years " ; A. Gabanyi's 

 " The Distressed in Art " ; V. P. Truavsky's " Evas 

 Sunde"; G4za Kenedi's " Chalk Drawings." Gyozo 

 D'almady's " Patriotic Songs " are among the best poet- 

 ical efforts of the year, and Erno Erodi's "Death of 

 Kossuth " is the most remarkable of the poems called 

 forth by the patriot's decease. Pal Gyulai, the last 



survivor of the classical epoch of Hungarian poetry, Arese " ; C. Gioda, "La Vita e le Opere di Giovanni 

 presents the third edition of his " Poems," while Jeno Botero " ; and L. Cappelletti, " Vittorio Emanuele II." 

 Heltai, one of the youngest and most talented of the " 

 lyrical poets, has created a stir with " Kato." Gyula 

 Kaldy's " Old Soldier Songs," and 2 volumes 

 " Cyprus Foliage " and " White Songs " by Minka 

 Czobel, the foremost female follower of the symbolistcs, Zanetti's " II Socialismo 



have also attracted much attention. Mihaly Szabolc- 

 ska's " Moods " and Eniil Abranyi's " Epilogue " are 

 worthy of notice, and Laios Palagyi's " Young Monk " 

 is a " didactic epic . . . dealing with philosophy and 

 evolution in the manner of the old Greek tragedians." 

 There is little to be noted in the province of the 

 drama. Antal Varadi's " Rafael," with the famous 

 painter as its subject, is technically good, but lacks 

 warmth ; Ferencz Herezeg's lively farce " The Three 

 Guards " has been very successful ; and Arpad 

 Berczik's prize comedy, " The Father," is a creditable 

 affair. 



Italy. There is no lack of historical publications, 

 and increased attention is paid to Italian history, es- 

 pecially of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. All 

 manner of events, characters, and periods are selected 

 for elucidation, and even the curious old custom of 

 publishing pamphlets in honor of weddings is occa- 

 sionally utilized as an outlet for the results of special 

 historical research. But historical works of wide in- 

 terest and high literary merit are not plentiful. One 

 of the most noteworthy books of the year in this field 

 is the collected edition of the letters of Coluccio Salu- 

 tati, a famous philologist and statesman of the four- 

 teenth century, issued by the Historical Institute 

 under the editorship of F. Novati. The Milan Exhibi- 

 tion, held in the ancient castle of the Viscontis and 

 Sforzas, lias been the occasion of Felice Calvi's " Cas- 

 tello Visconteo-Sforzeno," Beltrami's book, etc. Gio- 

 vanni Zannoni has written of the poets and men of 

 letters at the court of Federico Montefeltro, Duke of 

 Urbino; G. Brunengo, of the Roman patriciate of 

 Charlemagne; and L. Sorricchio, of the Commune of 

 Atria. P. Villari has published "I primi due Secoli 

 deila Storia di Firenze"; Ruggero Mariotti, " Fauo e 

 la Repubblica Francese del Secolo XVIII"; Lp. 

 Pagano, " Studi sulla Calabria" ; Fd. Galotto, " Storia 

 del Piemonte nella prima Meta del Secolo XIV "; 

 Dm. Carutti, "Storia della Citta di Pinerolo"; E. 

 Rosetti, "La Romagna"; L. Zdekauer, "Lo Studio 

 di Siena nel Rinascimento " ; A. Guglielmotti, "La 

 Guerra dei Pirati e la Marina Pontificia, 1500-1560" 

 and "Storio della Marina Pontificia, 728-1499"; M. 

 Tamaro, " Le Citta e le Castella dTstria"; E. Pais, 

 " Storia d'ltaliaclai Tempi pivi antichisino alle Guerre 

 puniche," and C. Tivaroni, " L'ltalia durante il Do- 

 minio austriaco" and " Storia critica delRisorgimento 

 italiano." " Fra Vivi e Morti" is a book of reminis- 

 cences by L. Pulle: A. Giacomelli's " Reminiscenze 

 della mia Vita politica, 1848-'53 " has appeared ; E. 

 Masi has issued " Nuovi Studi e Ritratti " ; F. P. Ces- 

 taro is the author of " Studi storici e litterari "; and 

 Eduardo Arbib, in " Vittorie e Sconfitte," attributes 



II Cardinal e Innocenzo Cybo" ; Latino 

 Maccadei on Giannino Baglioni of Siena, who was 

 believed to be the son of Louis X (le Hutin) and Clem- 

 entina of Hungary, and therefore the legitimate heir 

 to the French throne ; B. Fontana on " Renata di 

 Francia Duchessa di Ferrara" ; C. Magni on "Marco 

 Minghetti, Uomo di Stato " ; Antonio Amore on Viu- 

 cenzo Bellini ; R. Bonfadini, " Vita di Francesco 



Dm. Amato has begun the publication of " Cenni 

 biografici degli illustri Uomini politic! e dei piu chiari 

 Scienziati, Letterati ed Artist! conternporanei italiani." 

 In economics, law, and philosophy we have F. 

 " ; E. Sernicoli's " L'Anarchia 



c gli Anarchici"; M. Siotto Pintor's "La Riforma 

 sociale in Italia " ; C. Lombroso's " L'Antisemismo e 

 le Scienze moderne " ; A. Pittaluga's " La Questione 

 agraria in Irlanda " ; R. Quaglino's " Studi e Feno- 

 nieni sociali " ; G. Grasso's " La Costituzione degli 

 Stati Uniti dell' America settentrionale " ; A. di San 

 Giuliano's " Le Condizioni presenti della Sicilia " ; 

 Pertile's " Storia del Diritto italiano " ; and L. Straz- 

 zeri's " Saggio di Filosofia sintetica." Adolfo Bartoli, 

 who did much by his writings on the history of 

 Italian literature to introduce and further new methods 

 of criticism, followed by various able writers, died in 

 1893 at the age of sixty. In this field, as in that of 

 political history, we find much minute research in 

 various branches works of the second rank, which, 

 nevertheless, are laying the foundation for the future 

 historian of the national literature. The literature of 

 Italy is regarded from various aspects in P. Ferrieri's 

 "Storia della Letteratura italiana"; B. Zumbini's 

 " Studi di Letteratura Italiana " ; F. de Negri's " Dis- 

 corso tilosofico sopra la Storia della Letteratura ita- 

 liana"; L. Piccioni's "11 Giornalismo letterario in 

 Italia " ; and Fel. d'Onufrio's " Gl'Inni sacri di Ales- 

 sandro Manzoni e la Lirica religiosa in Italia." Pan- 

 zini has written a fairly successful book on the 

 " evolution " of the much discussed Carducci, whose 

 " Poesie politiche " were subjected to a fine and ex- 

 haustive study by Domenic'o Zanichelli. The spe- 

 cialty of Dante criticism is provided by Ant. Rossi's 

 "I viaggi danteschi oltri AIpe"; L. Katoli's "Studi 

 danteschi in Sicilia " ; G. de Leonardis's " L'Uno eterno 

 e 1'eterno Amore di Dante " ; L. Leynardi's " La Psi- 

 cologia dell' Arte nella Divina Commedia"; and L. 

 Luchini's " La Politica di Dante e sue Pellegrinazioni 

 a Bologna, Padova, Milano, etc." Q. Pitre's " Biblio- 

 grafia delle Tradizioni popolari in Italia " is of value. 

 The literature of other countries is treated of in C. 

 Segre's " Saggi critici di Letterature straniere " ; J. 

 Pizzi's "Storia della Poesia persiana"; and Guido 

 Mazzoni's " II Teatro della Rivoluzione, la Vita di Mo- 

 liere, e altri brevi Scritti di Letteratura francese." 



Gabriele d'Annunzio, " the greatest stylist of the 

 modern Italian school," appears to show the influence 

 of Zola quite strongly in "II Trionfo della Morte," 

 which, despite fine passages, is described as unwhole- 

 some. Another favorite author, Signora Serao, in 2 

 elegant little volumes of short stories, " Gli Amanti " 

 and "Le Amanti," tickles the palate with tales of 

 illicit love. These two able and very popular au- 

 thors fairly represent the modern tendency of Italian 

 fiction, the passion for morbid and unwholesome 

 themes. Among the more successful novels of the 

 day, many of which are quite ephemeral, are Enrico 



