502 



NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



cassian slave, and was a general in the Moorish 

 army and popular with the troops. The Span- 

 ish reserves were called out and war ships were 

 held in readiness at the ports near the Morocco 

 coast. The French Government ordered a de- 

 tachment of the Mediterranean squadron to 

 Oran, and the British authorities dispatched 

 vessels to Gibraltar to be ready to defend the in- 

 t crests of British subjects or the political inter- 

 ests of Great Britain in the event of civil war 

 or complications arising therefrom. The pow- 

 ers finally agreed on joint action in case military 

 interference became necessary. The tribes in 

 the vicinity of Rabat were not willing to ac- 

 knowledge the new Sultan, and were raided by 

 his soldiers. The people of Fez were divided in 

 their sympathies between the rival claimants. 

 The army was generally attached to the cause of 

 Abdul Aziz, but not the viziers who were at 

 Fez. When the new Sultan was proclaimed 

 there, on June 12, there occurred an uprising 

 against him, which was speedily suppressed by 

 the military. The officers of the army who 

 were concerned in it were executed. The Grand 

 Vizier, Mohammed el Arbi ben el Moghtar, and 

 his brother, the Minister of War, Mohammed 

 ben el Arbi, were arrested and roughly treated, 

 and in their places the new Grand Vizier, Mo- 

 hammed ben Mussa, and his brother, Said ben 

 Mussa, were installed. Muley Ismail, who was 

 kept a prisoner in his house during the disturb- 

 ance, was released after promising to support 

 the young Sultan, and was reinstated in his for- 

 mer office of khalifa or chief judge. Muley 

 Abdul Aziz in journeying to the capital received 

 deputations of the tribesmen, and ordered im- 

 mediate restitution to be made to them when 

 they complained of robbery and extortion. The 

 officials who were believed to be guilty were re- 

 moved. Officers whose loyalty was suspected 

 were transferred to distant commands. The 

 allegiance of the citizens of Mequinez and Mara- 

 kesh was purchased by the abolition of octroi 

 duties. Muley Mohammed, who had set out 

 for Sus, probably for the purpose of establish- 

 ing a rival court among the fanatical tribesmen, 

 was arrested and imprisoned at Marakesh until 

 he signed an -act of adhesion to the new em- 

 peror. The people both of the towns and the 



country were generally well disposed because 

 the harvest had been" an unprecedented one, 

 prices of grain were lower than they had been 

 for years, and the agriculturists were busy gath- 

 ering in and marketing their crops. The Span- 

 ish envoy went to the new Sultan while he \\a> 

 at Rabat and obtained a promise that the \\ar 

 indemnity would be paid. A large part of the 

 installment due was paid over. In July Muley 

 Omar conspired with the Vizier Hadj* Ilahim 

 Zambi, Sid Mohammed Segir, chief cadi of the 

 army, and other officials to obtain possession of 

 the throne and of the treasure in Fez, and they 

 invited Muley Mohammed and one of the late 

 Sultan's brothers who was in command at Tan- 

 let to join them. The plot was discovered, and 

 the conspirators were imprisoned in their houses. 

 The Sultan would not condemn them to death, 

 though urged by the chief officials at Fez, say- 

 ing that his father had never ordered the death 

 of a conspirator. He made his public entry 

 into Fez on July 21, amid demonstrations of 

 popular welcome. In August the Kabyles threat- 

 ened the town of Mazagan, where some oppres- 

 sive Kaids had taken refuge, and when the Sul- 

 tan's troops were unable to disperse them Great 

 Britain and Spain sent war vessels to protect 

 their subjects. The question of the appoint- 

 ment of consular agents at Fez was brought 

 forward again after the accession of the new 

 ruler. Great Britain nominated a Moor to act 

 as consular agent, whereupon the French Gov- 

 ernment appointed a vice-consul and the Span- 

 ish, the Italian, and other governments made 

 preparations to do the same thing. The Sultan 

 begged them not to attempt it, and repeated his 

 representations after the French vice-consul had 

 arrived in Fez and had been insulted by the mob. 

 Muley Mohammed was reinstated in September 

 in the post of khalifa at the city of Morocco, 

 which he had held under the late Sultan before 

 he fell into disgrace. This act was forced upon 

 the Sultan by the rebellion of the Kabyles of 

 Erhamma, of Zeman, and of Witaman, who had 

 supported the one-eyed prince in his claims to 

 the throne and who menaced the city of Morocco 

 and refused to be pacified unless he was released 

 from imprisonment and restored to his former 

 powers and dignity. 



NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



The officers of the Academy in 1894 were : Presi- 

 dent, Othniel C. Marsh ; Vice- President, Francis 

 A. Walker ; Foreign Secretary, Wolcott Gibbs ; 

 Home Secretary, Asaph Hall ; Treasurer, John 

 S. Billings. Two meetings were held in 1894. 

 The first or stated meeting was held in Wash- 

 ington, D. C., on April 17-20, when the follow- 

 ing papers were read : 



"The Coral Reefs of the Bermudas," "The So- 

 called Serpulse Reefs of the Bermudas, 1 ' and " The 

 Bathymetrical Extension of the Pelagic Fauna," by 

 Alexander Agassiz ; "The Bacteria of River Water" 

 and u The Influence of Light upon the Bacillus of 

 Typhoid, and the Colon Bacillus," by John S. Bill- 

 ings ; " On Late Researches on the Variation of Lati- 



tude," by Seth C. Chandler; "The Geographical 

 Distribution of Fishes," by Theodore Gill; " Histu- 

 logical Characteristics of Certain Alpine Plants " and 

 *' Corrosions by Roots," by George L. Goodale ; Note 

 on a Possible Increase 'in the Ultimate Defining 

 Power of the Microscope," by Charles S. Hasting: 

 " On the Infra-red Spectrum," by Samuel P. Lan.ir- 

 ley; "New Method of determining the Relative 

 Affinities of Certain Acids," by M. Carey Lea ; " On 

 the Change of Young's Modulus of Elasticity with 

 Variation of Temperature, as determined by the 

 Transverse Vibration of Bars of Various Tenij 

 tures," " On the Production of Beat and Beat T _ 

 by the Covibration of Two Sounds so High in Pitch 

 that when separately sounded they are Inaudible," 

 and " On the Motions of Resonators* and Other Bodies 

 caused by Sound Vibrations, with Experimental Il- 

 lustrations ; also a Reclamation," by Alfred M. Mayer; 



