NICARAGUA. 



Nicaraguan soldiers was stationed on the bluffs 

 where the British troops had been, and a few 

 days later 180 more arrived and were quar- 

 tered in the town. The American consul, who 

 was invited to participate in the institution of a 

 provisional government, but refused, had his 

 exequatur withdrawn by the Nicaraguan Gqy- 

 ernment for interference in politics, as was that 

 of the British consul, H. F. Bingham, which, 

 however, was restored at the demand of the 

 British minister, after which Consul S. C. Braida 

 was again accepted. The Government was or- 



ganized under the direction of Gen. Lacayo. 

 hief Clarence was brought back from the Mos- 

 quito settlement at Pearl lagoon by a British 

 war vessel on May 21, and placed under the pro- 

 tection of the Spanish commissioner. The Nica- 

 raguan soldiers were withdrawn, as the excite- 

 ment and apprehension seemed to subside, until 

 only 50 were left as a garrison. In the conflict 

 30 persons were killed and 100 wounded. 



A fight took place on Corn island, where the 

 Nicaraguan governor and his guards were beaten 

 by Jamaicans, who hoisted the British flag. Pro- 

 curing re-enforcements, the troops returned and 

 evicted the Jamaicans from the government 

 house and reinstated the governor. 



Toward the end of July, Gen. Ortiz, the Vice- 

 President of Nicaragua, advanced upon Bluefields, 

 and on Aug. 5 he drove the Indians from the bluffs 

 and occupied the place. Gen. Cabezas marched 

 down simultaneously from Rama. The combined 

 force was 1,100 men. American and British ma- 

 rines had landed to protect foreign interests. The 

 cruiser " Columbia," the " Marblehead," and the 

 British cruiser " Mohawk " were in the harbor. 

 On Aug. 8 the Nicaraguans entered Bluefields. 

 The Mosquito flag was hauled down and the town 

 reoccupied in the name of the Nicaraguan Gov- 

 ernment. The British war vessel and a passenger 

 steamer gave refuge to 600 Jamaicans and others 

 who were stricken with panic. The Americans who 

 had a hand in the political intrigues made their 

 escape. Martial law was proclaimed through- 

 out the reservation. Several Americans and 

 British subjects, among them Vice-Consul Hatch, 

 were placed under arrest by Senor Madriz, spe- 

 cial commissioner, and ordered to be sent to 

 Managua for trial. Eventually they were ban- 

 ished. Chief Clarence and 54 of his adherents 

 were conveyed on a British vessel to Jamaica. 

 The country was organized under the laws of 

 Nicaragua to the satisfaction of most of the in- 

 habitants after martial law was abolished in 

 September. Municipalities were formed in Blue- 

 fields, Pearl lagoon, and Corn island, and elec- 

 tions were held on Sept. 18, the right to vote 

 being restricted to men owning property or pos- 

 sessing $500. Andrew Hendy, a full-blooded 

 Mosquito Indian, was elected hereditary chief in 

 the place of Clarence in November. The actual 

 authority continued to be exercised by Gen. Ca- 

 bezas, the Nicaraguan commissioner. Elections 

 for chief justice and other officers were held on 

 Dec. 15. Modesto Barrios went to England in 

 August as special envoy to endeavor to get a 

 modification of the treaty of Managua. Pour- 

 parlers also took place between the British and 

 the United States governments, which led to the 

 final acceptance of the fait accompli, since the 

 Mosquito tribe for whose sole use and benefit 



NICHOLAS II. 



549 



the territory was reserved, to be governed ac- 

 cording to their ancient customs, had dwindled 

 to a small remnant and had fallen under the 

 domination of negroes who oppressed them. 

 The rights of the American planters and of the 

 Moravian missionaries were protected, except 

 that the Nicaraguans refused to ratify sales of 

 land or leases for longer periods than eight years, 

 on the ground that they were contrary to the 

 law under which the reserve was constituted. 



NICHOLAS II, Emperor of Russia, born 

 May 6 (old style), 1868. He is the eldest son of 

 Alexander III (see page 6) and his wife, who 

 was the Princess Dagmar of Denmark, sister of 

 the Princess of Wales. Under the title of Grand 



\.\ 



..JS3Fv; 



\ \ \ 



THE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA. 



Duke Nicholas he spent his boyhood largely in 

 travel, visiting India, China, Japan, and various 

 parts of Europe. Much of the time he was ac- 

 companied by his cousin Prince George of 

 Greece. While they were going from Otson to 

 Kioto, in Japan, in jinrikishas, a Japanese police- 

 man of the escort, unable to restrain his hatred 

 of foreigners, drew his sword and attacked Nich- 

 olas, who would have been killed had not Prince 

 George (who is a powerful man) pushed aside the 

 blade and knocked down the assassin. With the 

 assistance of a Japanese soldier the miscreant 

 was secured, and Nicholas escaped with a slight 

 wound in the head. Further journeying in that 

 country was then given up, and the princes re- 

 embarked on the Russian man-of-war that had 

 brought them. They ascended the Amoor river, 

 went through a portion of Liberia in a carriage, 

 and then by rail to St. Petersburg. Every pains 

 was taken to educate him for the high place to 

 which he was heir. Gen. Danilovitch was his 

 instructor in the sciences, and other tutors per- 

 fected him in several modern languages, while 

 he was required also to study mathematics and 

 geography very thoroughly. He entered the 

 army at the age of eighteen, and went through 



