OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (CATTELL CHIVINGTON.) 



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which Jacob Abbott wrote nearly forty volumes. In 

 1824 he pastured his cow on what is now Boston 

 Common. 



Cattell, Alexander CHlmore, financier, born in Salem, 

 N. J., Feb. 12, 1816 ; died in Jamestown, IS). Y., April 

 8, 1894. He became a clerk in his father's store, and 

 in 1840 was elected to the Legislature of New Jersey. 

 In 1841-'42 he was clerk of the New Jersey House of 

 Representatives, and in 1844 was a member of the 

 State Constitutional Convention. He removed to 

 Philadelphia and engaged in business in 1846, re- 

 taining a residence at Merchantville, near Camden, 

 N. J. In 1848-'53 he was a member of the Philadel- 

 phia Council, and became a director of the Mechan- 

 ics' Bank and President of the Corn Exchange Asso- 

 ciation. He was one of the organizers of the Corn 

 Exchange Bank in 1858, arid was its president from 

 that year till 1871. In 1866 he was elected United 

 States Senator from New Jersey as a Republican, 

 succeeding John P. Stockton, Democrat, and served 

 till March 3, 1871, when he retired on account of 

 failing health. President Grant appointed him a 

 member of the first Civil-service Commission in 1871, 

 and on his retirement, in 1873, financial agent of the 

 Government in London. Under the latter appoint- 

 ment he founded the Government loans at a lower 

 rate than formerly, secured a simplification of the 

 English system of quotations of exchange, and 

 brought about the payment of the "Alabama" 

 claims award of $15,500,000 without disturbing the 

 rate of exchange. Subsequently he was a member of 

 the New Jersey State Board of Assessors, charged 

 with the taxation of railway and corporate property, 

 and President of the New Jersey Trust Company of 

 Camden. 



Childs, George William, publisher, born in Baltimore, 

 Md., May 12, 182'J ; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 3, 

 1894. He received a private-school education, entered 

 the United States navy as an apprentice when thir- 

 teen years old, served there a little over a year, and 

 became a clerk in a bookstore in Philadelphia in 

 1843. Four years afterward he began the booksell- 

 ing business for himself, and before he was twenty- 

 one years old he was admitted to the publishing firm 

 of R. E. Peterson & Co., which then became Childs 

 & Peterson. This house brought out Fletcher's 

 u Brazil," Bouvier's u Law Dictionary," Bouvier's 

 " Institutes of American Law," Sharswood's " Black- 

 stone's Commentaries," Dr. Kane's u Arctic Explora- 

 tions," the first volume of Allibone's " Dictionary of 

 Authors," and Parson Brownlow's book. In 1863 he 

 sold his interest in the firm, and, on Dec. 3, 1864, 

 realized the ambition of his early life by becoming 

 the proprietor of the " Public Ledger " newspaper of 

 Philadelphia. To this property he gave his entire 

 attention for many years. He made it one of the best 

 paying advertising mediums in the United States, 

 and acquired great wealth from it. A new building, 

 erected on the site of the u Ledger's " first home, was 

 opened with a grand banquet on June 20, 1867. Mr. 

 Childs was widely known for his practical benefi- 

 cence, his large personal acquaintance with celebrities 

 of the day, his wonderful collections of curios, clocks, 

 manuscripts, autographs, and works of art, and his 

 entertainments to distinguished foreigners. He was 

 one of the originators of, and largest contributors to 

 the Zoological Garden, the Penn Museum, and the 

 School of Industrial Arts, in Philadelphia ; was active 

 in securing Fairmount Park to the city ; and was con- 

 spicuous in his efforts to make the Centennial Exhi- 

 bition a success. He erected a costly stained-glass 

 window in Westminster Abbey, London, England, to 

 the memory of the poets Herbert and Cowper ; an- 

 other in St. Margaret's Church, London, to the mem- 

 ory of John Milton* and a third in Bronham Church 

 to the memory of Thomas Moore ; erected a monu- 

 ment over the unmarked grave of Leigh Hunt in 

 Kensal Green ; gave to Stratford-on-Avon a beautiful 

 fountain and clock-tower combined, as a memorial to 

 Shakespeare ; and presented St. Thomas's Church, 

 Winchester, England, with a superb reredos. Among 



his notable public acts in the United States were the 

 erection of a mammoth cross of stone at Point Reyes, 

 Cal., in commemoration of the first Christian service 

 held on the coast of California, by Francis Fletcher, 

 chaplain to Sir Francis Drake, on June 24, 157y ; the 

 erection of monuments over the graves of Edgar 

 Allan Poe and Prof. Richard A. Proctor ; the gift of 

 a burial plot, valued at $8,000, to the Philadelphia 

 Typographical Society ; and, in conjunction with 

 Anthony W. Drexel, the gift of $10,000 to the Inter- 

 national Typographical Union, as the nucleus of a 

 fund to provide a home for union printers. To the 

 latter fund the printers throughput the United States 

 contributed about $(50,000, by giving the proceeds of 

 setting 1,000 " ems " on the birthdays of Messrs. 

 Childs and Drexel, and a commodious home was 

 erected at Colorado Springs, Col. Mr. Childs re- 

 ceived the degree of LL. D. from Grant Memorial 

 University, Tennessee, in 1887. 



Chivington, John M., soldier, born in Warren County, 

 Ohio, in 1821; died in Denver, Col., Oct. 13, 1894. 

 He entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal 

 Church at an early age ; removed to Missouri ; was 

 appointed presiding elder at the Pleasant Green Con- 

 ference in 1848; and removed to Colorado as presid- 

 ing elder of the Rocky Mountain District in 1862. 

 Soon afterward he was commissioned major of the 

 1st Colorado Regimen^;. When the Confederates 

 under Gen. Sibley had overrun New Mexico, and 

 were marching toward Santa Fe, with nearly 4,000 

 men for the purpose of taking possession of Colorado, 

 Major Chivington was placed in command of the 

 Colorado troops at old Fort Weed. Subsequently he 

 was sent with a small force to aid the Union troops 

 under Gen. Canby. After marching to Burnell 

 Springs, twenty miles from Apache canon, Major 

 Cnivington was sent ahead to recounoiter the 

 enemy's position. The same night he encountered 

 and captured the Confederate pickets and entered 

 the canon. On the following day he was ordered to 

 advance in one direction, while Col. Slough, in com- 

 mand of a second detachment, marched in another, 

 intending to strike the Confederates in the rear. Col. 

 Slough first met the enemy, and his own force was 

 almost annihilated. Major Chivington, hearing the 

 sounds of the engagement, made a flank movement 

 by lowering his men over a precipice by ropes, at- 

 tacked Sibley's camp, captured all nis stores, spiked 

 his cannon, burned more than 200 wagons, and killed 

 and rolled over the side of the mountain all his 

 mules. On learning of his loss, Sibley retreated to 

 Santa Fe, and the attempt to capture Colorado for 

 the Confederacy was abandoned. This engagement 

 has been called the battle of Pigeon's Ranch and the 

 battle of Glorietta. Major Chivington was promoted 

 colonel and warmly congratulated on his success. He 

 then resumed preaching till the winter of 1863, when, 

 in consequence of continued depredations by Chey- 

 enne, Arapaho, and Sioux Indians, despite the warn- 

 ing of Gov. John Evans, he was assigned to the com- 

 mand of an expedition against them. With 300 men 

 he reached Fort Lyon on Nov. 28, was there joined 

 by Major Anthony with 125 men and two howitzers, 

 marched all night up Sand Creek, and at daybreak 

 struck the Indian village of 130 lodges. It has been 

 said that his troops then, without a warning, rushed 

 through the village, cut out the herd of horses, turned 

 the howitzers on the lodges, and, opening a rifle fire, 

 slaughtered the Indians without mercy. Though the 

 Indians were compelled to fight on foot, they main- 

 tained a resistance for about four hours, and then 

 their principal chiefs fled, leaving 700 dead and dying. 

 On the return of Col. Chivington's force, the people 

 of Colorado were profuse in their congratulations, ex- 

 cepting the anti-State faction, which denounced the 

 action as an Indian massacre and used it against the 

 State party. The anti-State party also brought the 

 matter to the notice of the Federal Government, and 

 Col. Chivington was tried by court-martial, with 

 Schuyler Colfax and Gov. Bross as judges, and was 

 fully exonerated. In August following, Col. Chiv- 



