OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (Roica SCUDDER.) 



59? 



that he might enjoy the facilities of the new physio- 

 logical laboratory there. His name will be perpetu- 

 ated at the university by the Romanes lectureship, 

 which he founded in 1891, and the incumbents of 

 which he nominated annually during his life. He 

 chose successively to this post Mr. Gladstone, Huxley, 

 and Weismann the great German biologist, and 

 hereafter it will be tilled by the university. Romanes 

 was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society in 1879. 

 Among his other official positions were those of hon- 

 orary secretary of the Linnsean Society of London, 

 member of the Council of University College, Lon- 

 don, Rede lecturer at the University of Cambridge, 

 Croonian lecturer of the Royal Society of London, 

 and Rosebery lecturer at the University of Edin- 

 burgh, where he delivered courses that were after- 

 ward embodied in his last book, " Darwin and after 

 Darwin." Though a personal friend and devoted 

 follower of Darwin, Romanes was among those who 

 strove to modify his theories of development and 

 adapt them to newly discovered facts and conditions. 

 Among his notable additions to the philosophy of 

 evolution was his theory of u physiological selection," 

 which he upheld ably, notwithstanding the attacks 

 of those who considered themselves the more ortho- 

 dox school of Darwinians. One of his special studies 

 was the subject of animal intelligence and instinct, 

 and its application to human psychology. His lec- 

 ture on " Animal Intelligence," delivered before the 

 British Association at its Dublin meeting in 1878, 

 first made him known to the general public as a 

 popular exponent of natural science, and he after- 

 ward contributed a work on the same subject to the 

 " International Scientific Series." His technical writ- 

 ings show him to have been not only a master of 

 controversy, but a keen observer and a man of inde- 

 pendent judgment. His differences from those biol- 

 ogists that adhered more strictly to Darwin's views 

 led him into friendly, though animated, public dis- 

 cussions with Wallace, Herbert Spencer, Weismann, 

 and other noted men of science, which had an im- 

 portant influence, aside from their direct value to bi- 

 ology, in exciting a wider public interest in the sub- 

 jects of which he treated. Besides the works already 

 mentioned, Dr. Romanes was the author of " Mental 

 Evolution in Animals "; " Mental Evolution in Man "; 

 "Jellyfish, Starfish, and Sea Urchins"; and " An 

 Examination of Weismannism." All of these were 

 translated into French 'and German, and his last work 

 was published simultaneously in England and the 

 United States. 



Rosina, Sister M., see WHITEMAN, MARGARET. 



Rotch, Arthur, architect, born in Boston, Mass., May 

 31, 1850 ; died in Beverly, Mass., Aug. 15, 1894. He 

 was graduated at Harvard University in 1871, and 

 for two years studied architecture at the Massachu- 

 setts Institute of Technology. In 1874 he went to 

 Paris and studied in the Ecole Natiouale des Beaux 

 Arts, and, returning in 1880, established the firm of 

 Rotch & Tilden, architects. He achieved some suc- 

 cess as a water colorist, wrote frequently for architec- 

 tural journals, and was a prominent figure among the 

 younger school of American architects. Among his 

 many professional works are the Art School and Mu- 

 seum at Wellesley College ; the gymnasiums at Bow- 

 doin College and Phillips Academy, Exeter; and the 

 Episcopal churches of the Ascension, the Mes- 

 siah, and the Holy Spirit, in Boston. He left large 

 sums to the. departments of architecture in the Law- 

 rence Scientific School of Harvard University and to 

 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 



Savage. George W., underwriter, born in West Point, 

 N. Y., in 1815; died in Dundee, Scotland, Jan. 3, 

 1894. He was a great-grandson of Samuel Phillips 

 Savage, an officer in the Revolutionary army, the 

 first fire underwriter in the United States. For fifty 

 years he was connected in various capacities with 

 fire insurance companies in New York city and Jer- 

 sey City. He was an organizer of the fire patrol sys- 

 tem of New York city, and a founder and successively 

 the secretary, treasurer, and president of the National 



Board of Fire Underwriters. In 1860 he was appoint- 

 ed a judge of Common Pleas of Union County, N. J. 

 He was consul at Belfast. Ireland, in 1885-'89. and was 

 appointed consul at Dundee, Scotland, in 1893. 



Sawyer, Caroline Mehetahel (Fisher), author, born in 

 Newton, Mass., Dec. 8,1812; died at College Hill, 

 Mass., May 19, 1894. In 1831 she married Rev. Thomas 

 J. Sawyer, and removed to New York. Soon after- 

 ward she began to write for publication. She edited 

 a Universalist periodical for three years, and published 

 in book form " The Juvenile Library " (4 vols., 1845) ; 

 " The Poetry of Hebrew Tradition" (1847) ; " Friedel,'* 

 from the German of Van Horn (1856) ; and " The Rose 

 of Sharon" (8 vols., 1850-'58). 



Scammon, Eliakim Parker, military officer, born in 

 Whitetield, Lincoln County, Me., Dec. 27, 1816; died 

 in New York city, Dec. 7, 1894. He was graduated at 

 West Point in 1837, and became 2d lieutenant of the 

 4th Artillery. For more than a year he was at the 

 academy as Assistant Professor of Mathematics. In 

 1838 he was commissioned a 2d lieutenant of Engineers, 

 and later in the year he was sent to Florida, where he 

 served in the Seminole war till its close in 1840. After 

 spending a year in mapping the Territories west of the 

 Mississippi, he returned to the Military Academy as 

 Assistant Professor of History, Geography, and Ethics. 

 While he was engaged in superintending the survey of 

 New Bedford harbor the Mexican War broke out, and 

 he was ordered to staff duty under Gen. Scott. After 

 the war he was appointed assistant topographical en- 

 gineer of the survey of the Northwestern lakes, which 

 occupied him till 1855.. During this assignment he 

 was promoted captain. He retired from the army in 

 1856, and was a professor in Mount St. Mary's College, 

 Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1856-'58, and President of the Cin- 

 cinnati Polytechnic College in 1859-'61. He was com- 

 missioned colonel of the 23d Ohio Volunteers in June, 

 1861, and served as commandant of Camp Chase, 

 where volunteers were drilled before going to the 

 front ; in the western Virginia campaign, where he 

 commanded a brigade under Gens. Rosecrans and 

 Cox; and in the Maryland campaign, in which he 

 distinguished himself by leading a orilliant bayonet 

 charge in the battle of South Mountain. He was 

 promoted brigadier general for gallantry on the field, 

 Oct. 15,1862; commanded the district of Kanawha 

 from November till Feb. 3, 1864 ; and was a prisoner 

 of war in Libbey Prison from Feb. 3 till Aug. 3. He 

 was then placed in command of a separate brigade at 

 Morris Island during the operations against Charles- 

 ton, S. C. ; was again taken prisoner; commanded 

 the district of Florida from November, 1864, till April, 

 1865 ; and was mustered out of the service, Aug. 24, 

 1865. In 1866-'70 he was United States consul at 

 Prince Edward Island ; in 1870-'75 was engaged in 

 engineer work in New York harbor; and in 1875-'85 

 was Professor of Mathematics and History in Seton 

 Hall College, South Orange, N. J. 



Schoomnaker, Augustus, lawyer, born in Rochester, 

 N. Y., March 2, 1828 ; died in Kingston, N. Y., April 

 10, 1894. He was brought up on a farm ; attended a 

 district school, became a political speaker when twen- 

 ty years old ; taught in 1848-'50 ; and was admitted 

 to the bar in 1853. In 1864-'72 he was county judge 

 of Ulster County, N. Y. ; in 1876-'77, a State Senator ; 

 in 1878-'79, Attorney-General of New York ; in 1883- 

 '87, a civil-service commissioner of New York ; and in 

 1887-'90, a member of the Interstate Commerce Com- 

 mission. 



Scudder. John Milton, educator, born in Hamilton 

 County, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1829 ; died in Daytona, Fla., 

 Feb. 17, 1894. He was a student at Miami Univer- 

 sity, and was graduated at the Eclectic Medical Insti- 

 tute in Cincinnati in 1856. In the following year he 

 was appointed Professor of Anatomy in the institute ; 

 soon afterward was transferred to the chair of Obstet- 

 rics and Diseases of Women and Children ; and a few 

 years later was appointed to the chair of Pathology 

 and Practice of Medicine, which he held for many 

 years. He was also for many years the dean and 

 treasurer of the institute and editor of the " Eclectic 



