608 OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



more and Vicinity Crystalline Rocks," which he 

 prepared for a " Guide-Book of Baltimore " that he 

 edited for the 1892 meeting of the American Insti- 

 tute of Mining Engineers. This subject he treated 

 popularly in an address, " A University and its' Nat- 

 ural Environment," which he delivered before the 

 university on Commemoration Day, Feb. 22, 1892. 

 Prof. Williams wrote the "Geology and Mineral .Re- 

 sources of Maryland " for " Maryland : Its Resources, 

 Industries, and Institutions,'' of which he was editor 

 in chief, and which was issued by the State Board of 

 Managers for the World's Fair Commission, July, 

 1898. The titles of his papers are 72 in number, and 

 include " Elements of Crystallography for Students in 

 Chemistry. Physics, and Mineralogy" (New York, 

 1890), which is the best text-book on the subject 

 written in the English language, and " The Volcanic 

 Rocks of Eastern North America" (1894), a late pa- 

 per of much ireologic importance. In the use of 

 mechanical appliances to petrographical work Prof. 

 Williams showed much ingenuity, devising an elec- 

 trical machine for cutting and grinding thin sections 

 of rocks, and also by perfecting the only satisfactory 

 petrographical microscope made in this country. He 

 edited the department of mineralogy and petrography 

 of the " Standard Dictionary," and was on the staff of 

 the revision of " Johnson's Cyclopaedia." Prof. Wil- 

 liams was a member of the International Jury of 

 Awards in the department of Mines and Mining at the 

 World's Fair held in Chicago during 1893, and was a 

 corresponding member of the Geological Society of 

 London, a member of the French Mineralogical 

 Society, and Vice-President of the Geological Society 

 of America. He died of typhoid fever, originally 

 contracted while engaged in field work in the vicinity 

 of Washington for a geologic map of the Piedmont 

 Plateau of Maryland. 



Winans, Edwin B., legislator, born in Avon, N. Y., 

 May 16, 182G ; diecUn Hamburg, Mich., July 4, 1894. 

 He removed with his parents to Michigan in 1834, re- 

 ceived a public-school education, took part of the 

 course at Albion College, and made tae overland trip 

 to California in 1850. After spending six years in 

 placer mining and other enterprises, he became a 

 banker in the town of Rough-and-Ready. He re- 

 turned to Michigan in 1858 and engaged in farming. 

 In 1861-'65 he was a member of the State Legislature ; 

 in 1867, of the State Constitutional Convention ; in 

 1876-'80, judge of probate of Livingston County ; and 

 in 1883-'86, Representative in Congress from the 6th 

 Michigan District. He was elected Governor of 

 Michigan, as a Democrat, in 1890. 



Winthrop, Bobert Charles, statesman, born in Boston, 

 Mass., May 12, 1809; died there, Nov. 16, 1894. He 

 was the son of Thomas Lindall Winthrop, and was 

 sixth in descent from John Winthrop, first Governor 

 of Massachusetts. He was graduated at Harvard in 

 1828 ; studied law for three years in the office of 

 Daniel Webster; and made his entry into public life 

 in 1834 as a member of the Massachusetts House of 

 Representatives, of which he was Speaker for three 

 successive years. In 1840 he was returned to Con- 

 gress, where he served for ten years, being Speaker 

 of the House in 1847-'49, and acquiring a Tiigh rep- 

 utation for ready argument and polished oratory. 

 In 1850, when Daniel Webster was made Secretary 

 of State, he was appointed to the latter's vacant seat 

 in the Senate. His abilities and experience would 

 seem to have marked him out for a prolonged career 

 in the Senate, but the conservative temper of his 

 mind was the chief obstacle in the way of this. He 

 was conscientiously opposed to the spread of slavery, 

 but, having little sympathy with extremists on either 

 side, lie was defeated for election to the Senate in 

 1851 by a fusion of Free-Soilers and Democrats. In 

 the same year he became! a candidate of the Whig 

 party for the irovcrnorship of his native State, and 

 received u plurality of votes. The Constitution then 

 required a majority, and on the election being thrown 

 into the Legislature, he was defeated by the same 

 fusion of parties as before. lie felt that a wrong had 



been done him, and never again figured in public 

 life. He was President of the Massachusetts Histor- 

 ical Society for thirty years, and was chairman of the 

 overseers of the poor of Boston nearly as long, while, 

 for many years he was the favorite orator on impor- 

 tant national as well as State anniversaries. He out- 

 lived nearly all his political and literary contempo- 

 raries. He was twice married, and had 2 sons and 1 

 daughter. Many of his speeches and addresses were 

 published separately, and were afterward issued in 

 collected form as follow : " Speeches and Addresses 

 on Various Occasions " (Boston, 1853) ; Addresses and 

 Speeches from 1852 to 1867" (1867) ; "Addresses and 

 Speeches on Various Occasions from 1869 to 1879" 

 (1879); "Addresses and Speeches on Various Occa- 

 sions from 1880 to 1886 " (1886). He was also the 

 author of " The Life and Letters of John Winthroj. " 

 (1864); "Washington, Bowdoin, and Franklin" 

 (1876); and "Memoir of Henry Clay" (Cambridge, 

 1880). Among the finest of his orations are the two 

 Washington Monument addresses on the laying of 

 the corner stone in 1848 and upon the completion of 

 the work in 1885, and that delivered at Yorktown on 

 the one hundredth anniversary of the surrender of 

 Cornwallis. He bequeathed $5,000 each to the Mas- 

 sachusetts Historical Society and the Boston Provi- 

 dent Association; $1.000 to the Boston Children's 

 Hospital ; and $250 each to the libraries of the Boston 

 Latin School and Trinity Church Sunday School. 



Wood, William, benefactor, born in Glasgow, Scot- 

 land, in 1808 ; died in New York city, Oct. 1, 1894. 

 He was graduated, at Glasgow College and at St. 

 Andrew's University ; first came to New York city 

 in 1830 to establish a branch of his father's banking 

 house ; made his permanent home here in 1844 ; and 

 was engaged successfully in the banking business 

 till 1869, when he retired. Before and during the 

 civil war he was an ardent abolitionist, and assisted 

 many refugee slaves on their way through New York 

 to Canada. In 1869, on retiring from business, he 

 was appointed a commissioner of the Board of Educa- 

 tion of New York city, and for four years was its 

 president. During this period he successfully agitated 

 the establishment of the Normal College, and from 

 its opening, in 1870, he was regarded as its founder. 

 He was a member of the Board of Education twenty 

 years, and part of the time its president. 



Woodbridge, Mary A., reformer, born in Nantucket, 

 Mass. ; died in Chicago, 111., Oct. 25, 1894. She was 

 a daughter of Judge Isaac Brayton. In 1873-'74 she 

 was active in the women's temperance crusade in 

 Ohio, and for many years President of the Women's 

 Christian Temperance Union of that State. In 1879 

 she was elected recording secretary of the National 

 Women's Christian Temperance Union ; in 1883 she 

 was conspicuous among the advocates of the proposed 

 prohibition amendment to the Constitution of Ohio ; 

 and' in 1890 was a delegate from the National Women's 

 Christian Temperance Union to the annual meeting 

 of the British Women's Temperance Association held 

 in London under the presidency of Lady Somerset. 

 At the time of her death she was the secretary of the 

 World's Women's Christian Temperance Union. 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN, FOR 1894. 



Alboni, Marietta, Marquise Pepoli, an Italian con- 

 tralto singer, born in Citta di Castello, in 1826; died 

 in Ville d'Avray, France, Feb. 27,^894. She was 

 the daughter of a customs officer of the papal gov- 

 ernment. At sixteen she made her debut at Bologna. 

 After a great success in Milan she appeared in the 

 principal theaters of Italy, Germany, Russia, Hun- 

 gary, and England. Her first appearance in Paris 

 was in 1850, in " Le Prophete." From that time she 

 sang chiefly in London and Paris, and made tours in 

 the United States, where her appearances were veri- 

 table triumphs. Madame Alboni has left the reputa- 

 tion of one of the first singers of the century. Her 

 voice retained its quality, both in the head notes and 

 the lower register, to the end of her life, but her ex- 

 cessive coi-pulence kept her from singing in public, 

 except at rare intervals. Her first husband was the 



