OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (FORCHHAMMER HAMERTON). 



613 



Scientiiiques Modernes," " HLstoire du Merveilleux 

 dans le Temps Modernes," "L'Alcheiuie el les Al- 

 chemistes," "Les Eaux de Paris," "Le Savant du 

 Foyer," " Merveilles de Science," " Les Merveilles de 

 1'Industrie," " Connais-toi Toi-meme," u Les Mysteres 

 de la Science," and -'Les Bonheurs d'outre Tombe." 

 His "Lendemain de la Mort " was placed on the 

 Koinan index, expurgatoriut, 



Forchhammer, Paul Wilhelm, a German archasologist, 

 born in Husuin, in 1803 ; died in Kiel, Jan. 9, 1894. 

 He studied philology, and published a book on " The 

 Athenians and Socrates," containing original ideas 

 that were scoffed at at first and afterward accepted by 

 prominent historians. In 1830 he visited Italy and 

 Greece. In 1837 he become professor at Kiel Univer- 

 sity, where he remained in that capacity till his death. 

 A second journey to Greece in 1838, extended into 

 Asia Minor, bore fruit in valuable contributions to the 

 topography of ancient Hellas and the Greek settle- 

 ments in Asia. He published, in 1856, a book on Greek 

 architecture, tracing the four styles to climatic con- 

 ditions and differences in materials. He wrote treatises 

 on the archaeology and the mythology of Greece and 

 on the philosophy of Aristotle. Prof. Forchhammer 

 sat in the Prussian Diet in 1868, and from 1871 till 

 1873 was a member of the Reichstag, where he voted 

 with the Progressists. 



Francis II, ex-King of the Two Sicilies, born in 

 Naples, Jan. 16, 1836 ; died in Arco, Dec. 27, 1894. 

 His grandfather, Ferdinand of Bourbon- Anjou, In- 

 fanta of Spain, became King of Naples and of Sicily 

 in 1859, his father having renounced the throne in his 

 favor. He assumed the title of King of the Two 

 Sicilies in 1816. Francis succeeded his father, Ferdi- 

 nand II, on May 22, 1859. On Sept. 7, 1860, Garibaldi 

 entered Naples, and on Oct. 21, 1860, the monarchy 

 was declared to have lapsed by a plebiscite and the 

 kingdom to be a part of united Italy. Francis, after 

 he capitulated at Gaeta, on Feb. 13, 1861, protested 

 against this act, and against the appropriation of the 

 title of King of Italy by Vittorio Emanuele. 



Gigoux, Jean Franpois, a French painter, born in 

 Besancon, Jan. 8, 1809; died in Besancon, Dec. 10, 

 1894. He first became noted when he exhibited five 

 remarkable pictures at the Salon of 1833, one of which 

 was a portrait of Ciwernicki, the Polish refugee, now 

 in the Luxembourg. Another represented Henri 

 Quatre writing verses. He devoted himself later to 

 historical painting. Mojst of the works of this period 

 have been forgotten. One that was much admired 

 represented Charlemagne dictating his capitularies. It 

 was burned in the Gonseil d'Etat m 1871. There is a 

 remarkable series of large decorative paintings now 

 to be seen at St. Gervais, representing the flight into 

 Egypt, the rest in Egypt, the entombment, and the 

 resurrection. In his later life he returned to portraits, 

 and from 1889 to 1892 exhibited portraits of young 

 girls, and of Bonnat, Henner, and Jules Simori. He 

 published, in 1885, " Causerie sur les Artistes de mon 

 Temps." 



Gonzalez y Diaz-Tun6n, Zeferino, a Spanish cardinal, 

 born at Villori, near Oviedo, Jan. 28, 1831 ; died Nov. 

 29, 1894. Educated at the Dominican Missionary 

 College at Ocafia and joining the Order of Preachers, 

 he was sent to the Philippine Islands, and there filled 

 the chair of Professor of Philosophy and Theology 

 at Manila, Returning to Spain in 1865, he became 

 rector of Ocafia, and after successively declining 

 the bishoprics of Astorga and Malaga was at length 

 made Bishop of Cordoba. From this office he was 

 translated to Seville in 1883, and in 1885 received the 

 cardinal's hat. He was a man of great learning, 

 and a clear, candid thinker. His books include 

 " Estudios sobre la Filosof ia de Santo Tomas " 

 (Manila, 1864) ; " Philosophia Elementaria," and a 

 Castilian version of the same ; " Estudios Religiosos, 

 Cientificos, y Sociales " (1873); " Historia de la 

 Filosof ia" (1886; this was translated into French 

 by Pere Pascal in 1890-'91); "La Biblia y la 

 Ciencia " (Madrid, 1891). The " Philosophia " is the 

 principal text-book used in Spanish seminaries. 



Grey, Henry, Earl, an English politician, born Dec 

 28, 1S02 ; died Oct. 9, 1894. He was the son of the 

 second Earl Grey, who was Prime Minister from 

 1830 to 1834. He entered m 1846 the Whig Cabinet 

 of Lord John Russell, which endured till 1852. 

 As an independent member he was the foremost 

 opponent of the policy of Lord Aberdeen, which 

 resulted in the war with Russia. After he became a 

 member of the House of Lords he seldom spoke, pre- 

 ferring to present his opinions on questions of the 

 day to the general public in frequent and long let- 

 ters to the " Times." He published in book form a 

 defense of the colonial policy of Earl Russell (1853), 

 and an essay on the reform of parliamentary gov- 

 ernment (1858). 



Hall, Edward, an English legal writer, born at 

 Leatherhead, Surrey, in 1835; died at Coker Court, 

 Somersetshire, Nov. 29, 1894. He was educated at 

 Oxford, taking his degree there in 1856. His works 

 include " International Law " (1880) ; " Rights and 

 Duties of Neutrals" (1874); "Foreign Powers and 

 Jurisdiction of the British Crown" (1894). 



Hamerton, Philip Gilbert, an English author, born at 

 Laneside, near Shaw, in Lancashire, England, Sept. 

 10, 1834; died at Boulogne-sur-Seine, France, Nov. 5, 

 1894. He was sent to school at Burnley and Doncaster, 

 and prepared for Oxford University, but did not enter. 



Instead of so doing, he went to Paris in 1855 to study 

 art and literature in very thorough fashion. In 1857 

 he lived at Loch Awe, Scotland, and afterward at 

 Paisley, and his Scottish sojourn is the theme of two 

 of his earliest books. In 1861 he returned to France, 

 and there, at Sens, Autun, and Boulogne, the greater 

 part of his life was spent. No modern English writer 

 has understood the French character so thoroughly 

 as he, and, free from insular prejudice himself, he has 

 done good service in dispelling the prejudices of his 

 countrymen regarding the French people. He was 

 equally free from narrowness respecting art, and, next 

 to Ruskin, has exercised in this respect the most in- 

 fluence upon English and American minds. Indeed, 

 his persuasive power is far greater than that of Ruskin, 

 and, unlike the latter, he was never led captive by his 

 prejudices. His broad catholic treatment of subjects 

 under discussion has been of the greatest service, and 

 his eminently sane influence is likely to be lasting. 

 His style is not brilliant, but it is clear, direct, and al- 



