OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (NEWTON NufJEZ). 



619 





1866 he gave his services to the wounded and sick in 

 the field. In 1870-72 he worked in the French tield 

 hospitals, being in Paris during the siege, and under 

 the Commune the director of 3 hospitals, lie was 

 one of the chief organizers of the ambulance service 

 in the Servian war of 1870, and performed valuable 

 services in the same capacity during theEusso-Turkish 

 war. He founded the Vienna Volunteer Ambulance 

 Society after the burning of the Ring Theater. Count 

 Mundy published several works on military hospital 

 practice. His death was a suicide. 



Newton, Sir Charles Thomas, English archaeologist, 

 born in Bredwardine, Herefordshire, 1816; died in 

 Westgate, near Margate, Nov. 28, 1894. He was edu- 

 cated at Shrewsbury School and Christ Church, Ox- 

 ford, and in 1840 became an assistant in the depart- 

 ment of antiquities in the British Museum, and was 

 connected with the museum in various capacities un- 

 til his resignation in 1885. While British vice-consul 

 at Mitylene he made many explorations and discov- 

 eries in Asia Minor, the most important being the 

 finding of the mausoleum at Halicarnassus mentioned 

 by Vitruvius. Throughout his life he retained an 

 enthusiastic interest in the discoveries of other ex- 

 plorers. The British Museum w r as much enriched 

 by his own discoveries, and among archaeological 

 scholars his rank is very high. From 1880 to 1885 

 he was Professor of Archaeology in University Col- 

 lege, London, but as a lecturer did not achieve marked 

 success, although his sound scholarship was evident 

 here as elsewhere. He received many honors at 

 home, was a corresponding member of the French 

 Institute, and a member of several learned societies. 

 He published " Notes on the Sculptures at Wilton 

 House" (1849); "A History of Discoveries at Hali- 

 carnassus, Cnidus, and Branchidae " (London, 1862^ ; 

 "Travels and Discoveries in the Levant" (1865); 

 "Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum, 

 Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities " 

 ( 1867-'81) ; " Guide to the Blacas Collection of An- 

 tiquities (1867). Edited "The Collection of Greek 

 Inscriptions in the British Museum" (Oxford, 1874) ; 

 " Essays on Art and Archaeology " (London, 1880) ; 

 " Ancfent Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum " 

 (1883). 



Nichol, John, Scottish author, born in Montrose, For- 

 farshire, Sept. 8, 1833 ; died in London, Oct. 11, 1894. 

 He was the only son of the astronomer John Pringle 

 Nichol, and was educated at Glasgow Universitv and 

 Balliol College, Oxford. In 1873 the degree of LL.D. 

 was given to him by the University of St. Andrew's. 

 From 1861 to 1889 he held the chair of English Lit- 

 erature at the University of Glasgow. He was one of 

 the prominent advocates of the cause of the North in 

 the American civil war, and visited the United States 

 near the close of that conflict. He was the author of 

 the article on u American Literature " in the " Encyclo- 

 paedia Britannica," and did much to make American 

 books popular in England. He published in book 

 form "Leaves," verse (Edinburgh, 1854); " Frag- 

 ments of Criticism" (1860) ; "Hannibal: An Histor- 

 ical Drama" (London, 1872); "Tables of European 

 History, A. D. 200-1876" (1876; fourth edition, in- 

 cluding " American History " and extending to 1888, 

 1888) ; " Tables of Ancient History, B. C. 1500, A. D. 

 200 " (1870) ; " English Composition" (1879) ; " Byron" 

 in " English Men of Letters " (1880) ; " The Death of 

 Thernistocles, and Other Poems " (1881) ; " American 

 Literature : An Historical Sketch, 1620-1880" (Edin- 

 burgh, 1882) ; " Robert Burns : A Sketch of his Char- 

 acter and Genius" (1882); "Baun" in "English 

 Philosophers" (1888) ; " Lord Baun's Life and Phi- 

 losophy" (1887-'89). 



Nicotera, Baron Giovanni, an Italian statesman, born 

 in San Biagio, Calabria, in 1828 ; died in Vico Equense, 

 near Naples, June 13, 1894. He was educated as a 

 lawyer, and was drawn into the revolutionary move- 

 ment of Young Italy. He joined the Republican 

 army in 1848, and was wounded in an engagement 

 with the French. When the revolution was sup- 

 pressed he entered upon the practice of his profession. 



In 1857 he joined the insurrection against the King 

 of the Two Sicilies, was wounded and taken prisoner, 

 and subsequently was tried and condemned to death. 

 His sentence being commuted to life imprisonment', 

 he was sent to the galleys, and afterward was con- 

 fined on the island of Favignana. When the revolu- 

 tion occurred in 1860 he was set free with the other 

 political prisoners. He took command of a force of 

 volunteers that was raised in central Italy to over- 

 throw the papal government. He served as aid-de- 

 camp to Garibaldi through the campaign of 1866, and 

 in 1867 commanded an expedition against Rome. 

 When the United Kingdom of Italy was organized 

 Baron Nicotera entered the Chamber as Deputy for 

 Salerno. He soon took rank as one of the most elo- 

 quent and forceful leaders of the Extreme Left, and 

 when his party attained the ascendency in 1876 he 

 became Minister of the Interior in the Cabinet of 

 Depretis. After setting on foot energetic measures 

 for dealing with the banditti of Sicily and restoring 

 the supremacy of the law, he left the Cabinet in De- 

 cember, 1877, and resumed the leadership of his group 

 in the Chamber. In 1883 he was wounded in a duel 

 with sabers fought with Secretary Lovito, of the 

 Ministry of the Interior, who was also wounded. He 

 had provoked a challenge when he suspected that the 

 authors of a slanderous attack in a pamphlet affecting 

 his reputation had been rewarded by the ministry. 

 He became Minister of the Interior again in the first 

 Crispi Cabinet, and was in favor of a more conciliatory 

 policy toward the Church than the one demanded by 

 his party. In 1892 he was re-elected to the Chamber, 

 but went into the Opposition with his friends. 



Noel. Hon. Koden Berkeley Wriothesley, an English poet, 

 born in 1834; died at Mainz, Germany, May 26, 1894. 

 He was a son of the first Earl of Gainsborough, and 

 was educated at Cambridge. His poetry never en- 

 joyed general favor, and appeals rather to a limited 

 circle of cultivated readers. He wrote too much, and 

 his verse suffers from obscuritv in many places, but it 

 is very often melodious. His books include " Behind 

 the Veil, and Other Poems " (London, 1863); " Beatrice, 

 and Other Poems " (1869) ; " The Red Flag, and Other 

 Poems " (1872) ; " Livingstone in Africa," verse (1874); 

 " The Home of Ravensburg : A Tragedy " (1877) ; "A 

 Little Child's Monument" (1881); "A Philosophy 

 of Immortality" (1882); "Essays on Poetry and 

 Poets" (-1886); "Songs of the Heights and Deeps"; 

 " A .Modern Faust, and Other Poems " (1888) ; " Poor 

 People's Christmas." 



Nufiez. Bafael, President of Colombia, born in Carta- 

 gena, Sept. 28, 1825; died there, Sept. 18, 1894. He 

 was graduated at the university in Cartagena in 1851, 

 and the next year was elected to Congress from the 

 State of Panama. In 1853 he was called into the Cabi- 

 net by President Obando, but could not agree with the 

 policy of the Administration, and resigned soon to join 

 the Opposition. In 1855 President Mellarino appointed 

 him Secretary of the Treasury, which office he held 

 two years. He edited the " Porvenir," and was inter- 

 ested in other papers. In 1857 he was elected to the 

 Senate. He was Secretary of the Treasury again 

 under President Mosquera in 1861-'62, and a member 

 of the Constitutional Convention at Rio Negro in 

 1863. For some time after this he edited "El Conti- 

 nental " in New York, where he was a warm friend of 

 the Union cause. From 1865 till 1875 he was Colombian 

 consul at Havre and Liverpool. Having been elected 

 to the Senate, he returned to Colombia, and stood as 

 the Liberal candidate for President. He was elected 

 Governor of Bolivar, from which State he was sent to 

 the 'Senate in 1878, and in 1879 was elected President. 

 In the first two years he made great improvements in 

 the public administration and promoted railroad con- 

 struction. He allowed the Conservatives representa- 

 tion in the Government, which tended to allay the bit- 

 terness of party spirit. A treaty of commerce with 

 Spain was signed in Paris. When elected President 

 again in 1883 he had a large majority. The constitu- 

 tional reforms that he promised were instituted at 

 once, but this led to a rebellion in 5 States in the be- 



