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OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (OLIVIERA-MARTINS PATER.) 



ginning of 1885. The United States then landed 

 troops to preserve the neutrality of the Isthmus of 

 Panama, which discouraged the rebel leaders and 

 impelled them to surrender in August, after losing 

 the critical battle of Calamar on July 1, 1885. Presi- 

 dent Nunez adopted stringent measures against the 

 Opposition, suppressint: newspapers and banishing the 

 leaders. This course so exasperated the country that 

 on Dec. 12, 1887, he virtually retired from the presi- 

 dency, turning over the executive functions toVice- 

 Preeklent Kliseo Poyan. Dr. Nunez has lived since 

 at Cartagena, and although he was re-elected for the 

 fourth time by the National party in 1891 over Gen. 

 Velez, the candidate of the old Liberals and the Con- 

 servatives of military tendencies, still the Vice-Presi- 

 dent in Bogota continued to be the executive head of 

 the Governnient in reality. Dr. Nunez was one of the 

 ablest literary men of his nation, the author of 

 meritorious poetry and many other works. 



Oliviera-Martins* Joachim Pedro, a Portuguese states- 

 man, born in Lisbon, in 1845 ; died there, Aug. 24, 

 1894. He represented Oporto during many years, and 

 was Minister of Finance in 1892 in the Cabinet of 

 Diaz Ferreira. His report on the financial condition 

 of the country and the bills that he introduced pro- 

 posed a considerable reduction in the interest of 

 the foreign debt and high protectionist duties. He 

 was an eminent historical and philosophical writer. 



Paris, Philippe, Comte de, a French pretender, born 

 in the Tuileries, Paris, Aug. 24, 1838 ; died in London, 

 Sept. 8, 1894. He was the eldest son of the Duke of 

 Orleans, and by the accidental death of his father, in 

 1842, he became heir apparent to his grandfather, the 

 King of the French. His tutor was an eminent scholar, 

 Adolphe Regnier. On Feb. 24, 1848, Louis Philippe 

 abdicated in favor of his grandson, the unacceptable 

 Due de Nemours being Regent under the law. The 

 Comte de Paris was present in the chamber with his 

 mother, who was a princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 

 when the mob broke in and made a feint to kill the 

 young princes, and the Deputies voted todethrone the 

 young King and establish a provisional government. 

 His mother escaped with him to Belgium, and thence 

 to Eisenach, after waiting till the last hope of the 

 monarchy vanished, and in 1849 they settled in Eng- 

 land, visiting occasionally Switzerland, Italy, and 

 Germany. In I860, after the death of their mother, 

 the Comte de Paris and the Due de Chartres visited 

 the East, and on their return he published a narrative 

 of the journey. They went to the United States in 

 1861 with their uncle, the Prince de Joinville, and 

 joined the staff of Gen. George B. McClellan, being 

 present at the siege of Yorktown and the engagements 

 at Williamsbtirg, Fair Oaks, and Gaines's Mill. The 

 3 princes left the United States service and re- 

 turned to England in the summer, because Napoleon 

 III took umbrage and caused representations to be 

 made at Washington. The Emperor would not even 

 allow articles to be printed in the " Revue des Deux 

 Mondes " over the name of the Comte de Paris, who 

 studied the labor question in England and interested 

 himself in the co-operative theory. In 1869 he pub- 

 lished an account of English trade unions that was 

 translated into English, German, and Spanish. The 

 petition of the Orleans princes to serve in the French 

 army on the breaking out of the war of 1870 was re- 

 fused by the Corps Legislatif. The law of 1848 

 banishing the Bourbon princes was repealed by the 

 National Assembly, which in December, 1872, voted 

 to compensate the Orleans princes for their estates 

 that had been expropriated in 1852. Their acceptance 

 of the award was regarded as equivalent to a renuncia- 

 tion of their dynastic pretensions, and many thought it 

 even then an unprincely, avaricious bargain to make 

 with their impoverished country. This implied con- 

 tract and the liberal traditions of the Orleans house 

 were not honored by the Comte de Paris, when, on 

 Aug. 5, 1873, he paid homage to the Comte de Cham- 

 bord at Frohsdorf with the understanding that ho 

 should be the next heir to the throne He resided in 

 Paris and Eu, and when the Comte de Chambord 



died, in 1883, he presented himself as the successor by 

 notifying the sovereigns of Europe of the death. The 

 majority of the French Legitimists accepted the 

 Comte de Paris. Though they felt no enthusiasm in 

 the elections of 1885 the Royalists nevertheless made 

 great gains. "When the Comte de Paris married his 

 eldest daughter to the Crown Prince of Portugal he 

 invited the foreign ambassadors, and made it so public 

 an event that the " Figaro " boasted that he had 

 already set up his court. At the demand of the 

 Radicals the pliable Premier de Freycinet introduced 

 in May, 1886, the bill that banished the heads of 

 families that had reigned in France, together with 

 their eldest sons, prohibiting all members of such 

 families from holding orfice, and empowered the Gov- 

 ernment to banish any of them by decree. The 

 Comte de Paris protested in a manifesto and departed 

 with his family for England. He issued a memoran- 

 dum in 1886, and an audress to the mayors of France 

 in 1888, in which he accepted universal suffrage, while 

 urging the necessity of a dynasty as a counterpoise, 

 arid of firm and continuous executive powers and the 

 protection of the Church from harassing attacks. 

 Royalist deputations came to him in the Isle of Jersey. 

 He entered into a secret compact with Gen. BoulangeV, 

 with whom he is believed to have had an interview in 

 London in the summer of 1889. In the elections a 

 large part of the Monarchists formed a coalition with 

 the Boulangists, in accordance with the recommenda- 

 tion of the Cornte de Paris " not to treat as enemies 

 those who were fighting the same enemies as your- 

 selves." The anti-Republican allies met wi'th a 

 crushing defeat. From that time he made but few 

 public declarations. While he was in the United 

 States his eldest son tried to keep alive the Orleanist 

 spirit by incurring the penalties of the banishment 

 law. He presented himself in Paris and claimed the 

 right to serve as a conscript, was arrested and sentenced 

 to two years' imprisonment, but w : as liberated and 

 sent across the frontier at the end of four months. 

 The Comte de Paris was the author of a military his- 

 tory of the civil war in the United States. He mar- 

 ried, in 1864, his cousin, the daughter of the Due de 

 Montpensier, and had by her eight children. 



Parkyns, Mansfield, an English traveler, born in 

 1823 ; died Jan. 12, 1894. He was educated at Cam- 

 bridge, and traveled for several years in unknown 



parts of Africa, particularly in Abyssinia and Kordo- 

 i, mourned as dead. After his return to England 



fan. 



he published "Life in Abyssinia" (1853). 



Pater, Walter Horatio, an English author, born in 

 London, Aug. 4, 1839 ; died in Oxford, July 3, 1894. 

 He was educated at King's School, Canterbury, and 

 Queen's College, Oxford, and later became a fellow 

 ofBrasenose. While yet at King's School he wrote 

 an article on Winckelmann, which in 1857 was pub- 

 lished in the " Westminster Review." He traveled 

 on the Continent, and as lecturer, tutor, and dean 

 was connected with his university till his death. 

 He was a profound though fastidious scholar, and 

 his knowledge of the various branches of art Avas 

 wide. His personal sympathies were very keen, and 

 entered into the quality of all that he wrote. His in- 

 fluence both as a writer and a man was exerted in 

 behalf of the best in literature and art, but he was 

 never intolerant. His style has its passionate ad- 

 mirers and defenders as well as its harsh critics, but 

 subtle and allusive as it is it seldom fails to please a 

 cultivated taste; though it may not attract the ordi- 

 nary reader, yet even he must recognize at times its 

 Eicturesqueness. His greatest work is " Marius, the 

 picurean," a philosophical romance having to do 

 Avith the contrast of pagan philosophy and Christianity 

 in Rome at the time of Aurelius. It is distinctly 

 subjective, and the picture of Roman life at that 

 period is as delicately as it is beautifully drawn. _ His 

 works, including the unfinished romance entitled 

 " Gaston de la Tour," published in " Macmillan's Maga- 

 zine," are as follow: "The Renaissance: Studies in 

 Art and Poetry " (London, 1873) ; " Marius, the Epi- 

 curean : His Sensations and Ideas " (London, 1885) ; 



