708 



SALVADOR. 



Europe and 4,977,000 rubles from Asia ; the ex- 

 ports were 64,000 rubles to Europe and 7,254,000 

 rubles to Asia. 



Navigation. There were 4,564 vessels entered 

 at the Baltic ports, 3,357 at the ports of the Black 

 Sea and the Sea of Azov, and 594 at the ports of 

 the White Sea during 1892 ; total, 8,515, of which 

 5,921 were steamers and the number that carried 

 cargoes was 4,379. The total number cleared at 

 all ports was 8,394, of which 7,088 carried car- 

 goes. Of the total number entered, 2,719 were 

 English, 1,305 Russian, 1,084 German, 990 Nor- 

 wegian and Swedish, 839 Danish, 464 Turkish, 

 128 Austrian, and 103 of other nationalities. 



The merchant navy, in 1893, numbered 2,105 

 sailing vessels, of 447,776 tons, and 326 steam 

 vessels, of 156,668 tons. Of the steamers, 150 

 plied in the Black Sea, 111 in the Caspian, 57 in 

 the Baltic, and 8 in the White Sea. 



Communications. The railroads in opera- 

 tion at the beginning of 1893 had a total length 

 of 18,426 miles, besides 1,303 miles in Finland 

 and the Transcaspian line of 900 miles. A new 

 line connecting the Caspian with the Black Sea, 

 running north of the Caucasus mountains, was 

 completed in 1893. Of the Siberian Railway, the 

 section from Vladivostok to Spass Koye, 150 

 miles, was opene v d to traffic on June 5, 1894. Of 

 the Ussuri line, between Vladivostok and Graf- 

 skaya, 41 miles were completed in the summer. 

 At the other end, between Cheliabinsk and 

 Omsk, 160 miles were in operation in 1894. 

 The railroad, 4,696 miles in length, is expected 

 to be completed in 1904, at a total cost of 500,- 

 000,000 rubles. The railroad companies owed 

 the Government 944,028,461 rubles on Jan. 1, 

 1893. Many lines have been recently acquired 

 by the Government. 



The post office, in 1892, carried 197,816,000 

 domestic and 26,521,000 foreign letters, 33,828,- 

 000 postal cards, 167,262,000 domestic and 16,- 

 690,000 foreign newspapers and circulars, and 

 14,921,000 letters with declaration of value to 

 the amount of 15,717,797,000 francs. 



The telegraph lines of the state have a total 

 length of 120,478 kilometres ; the Anglo-Indian 

 line, 3,634 kilometres ; private lines, 621 kilo- 

 metres ; total, 124,733 kilometres or 77,460 

 miles, with 244,893 kilometres, or 152,080 miles, 

 of wire. The postal receipts for 1892 were 88,- 

 121,224 francs; telegraph receipts, 45,311 t 108 

 francs; the expenses of posts and telegraphs, 



97,334,936 francs. The number of dispatches 

 was 12,783.473. 



Political Events. Throughout the first half 

 of 1894 the secret police were very busy making 

 arrests of political offenders, mostly young stu- 

 dents and subordinate officials. Revolutionary 

 printing presses were found in St. Petersburg, 

 in Warsaw, where several revolutionists and 

 several policemen were killed in a pistol fight 

 in an old convent, in Smolensk, and in other 

 places. The authorities discovered an attempt 

 to undermine a chateau in which the Czar was 

 expected to stay during the autumn manoeuvres 

 near Smolensk, and a mine also under the neigh- 

 boring church. For this a large number of en- 

 gineers and other employees of the railroad run- 

 ning between Orel and Vitebsk were arrested. 

 The daughter and two sons of the late Gen. 

 Andreieff were arrested in May, at St. Peters- 

 burg, and from papers found on the daughter a 

 political society of students in various institu- 

 tions was unearthed. 



On May 18 a ukase was issued, taking away 

 from ministers, governors, and the other chief 

 functionaries the power of appointing or dis- 

 missing official subordinates of any kind, and 

 re-establishing a special committee, such as ex- 

 isted in the time of Nicholas I. to have control, 

 under the direct supervision of the Czar, of all 

 appointments and removals in the civil service. 

 This important change of system, though called 

 reactionary, was intended to correct the abuses 

 of favoritism and corruption in the exercise of 

 the appointing power, and to protect subordi- 

 nate officials from the tyranny and caprice of 

 their superiors. 



The restrictions against Jews as applied to 

 citizens of foreign countries have been relaxed 

 by a ministerial decree forbidding the local au- 

 thorities to molest foreign Jews who have pass- 

 ports properly viseed, permitting them to reside 

 for specified terms in Russia for the transaction 

 of business. Jews from Khiva and Bokhara 

 have been permitted to take up their residence 

 in the province of Orenburg for the purpose of 

 carrying on trade with the 2 khanates. The 

 regulations against the Stundists were made 

 more severe before the death of Alexander III, 

 one of whose last acts was to confirm a decision 

 of the committee of ministers prohibiting Stund- 

 ist prayer meetings, and declaring the sect to be 

 one dangerous both to church and state. 



S 



SALVADOR, a republic in Central America. 

 There is a single House of Representatives, hav- 

 ing 42 members, elected by direct universal suf- 

 frage annually. The President is elected for 

 four years, also by universal suffrage. Gen. 

 Carlos Ezeta was elected for the term beginning 

 March 1, 1891, as the result of the revolution of 

 1890. 



The republic has an area of 8,100 square miles 

 and 780,426 inhabitants. The receipts of the 

 treasury for 1893 were $7,133,000, of which 

 $2,846,000 came from import duties. $1,841,000 

 from a tax on alcoholic drinks, $469,000 from 

 an export duty on coffee, $78,000 from stamp 



duties, and $1,899,000 from other sources. The 

 expenditures were $7,153,000, the items being 

 $2,421,000 for payment of debts, $1.668,000 for 

 war, $1,223,000 for the interior, $556,000 for 

 public works, $499,000 for financial administra- 

 tion, $393,000 for public instruction, $194,000 

 for justice, $132,000 for police, and $67,000 for 

 foreign relations. 



The declared value of the imports in 1893 was 

 $1,853,000, and of the exports $7,491,000. The 

 exports of coffee were valued at $5,405,000 : of 

 indigo, $1,268,000; of minerals, $103,000; of 

 tobacco, $98,000. There were 217 vessels en- 

 tered at the ports during 1893. The number of 



