SALVADOR. 



SALVATION ARMY. 



709 



letters, etc., that passed through the post office 

 was 232,147 in the internal, and 562,870 in the 

 external service. The number of telegraphic 

 dispatches in 1893 was 678,093. 



The active array numbers 4,000 men ; the 

 militia, 18,000. 



Revolution. Three officers of the army, 

 Gutierrez, Ubandin, and Galan, started a revolu- 

 tion against the Government of Ezeta, at Santa 

 Anna, on April 29. A state of siege was pro- 

 claimed, and the Government made efforts to 

 put down the rebellion. The people were tired 

 of military rule and restive under the heavy taxes 

 imposed for railroads and other internal im- 

 provements, for the extinction of the external 

 and internal debts, and for the increase and 

 equipment of the army. Gen. Antonio Ezeta, 

 the Vice-President and commander -in -chief, 

 hastened to Santa Anna with all the troops 

 under his command and all that he could press 

 into the service. The rebels were recruited 

 from the exiles of Salvador and their friends in 

 Guatemala and Honduras until they numbered 

 7,000. President Ezeta collected 1,500 men to 

 re-enforce his brother, who had 14,000, after the 

 latter's departure, and followed after by rail, but 

 the train was derailed by the rebels between 

 Acajutla and Sonsonate, on May 3. and 200 

 were killed and 122 injured. Gen. Herrera, who 

 commanded a division of Gen. Antonio Ezeta's 

 army, revolted, and went over with most of his 

 men and his guns. In the three first battles 

 fought near Santa Anna at La Alder, Las Cru- 

 citas, and El Conacaste the Government claimed 

 to be victorious, though its troops lost ground 

 in the series of engagements that followed, and 

 were driven back toward the capital, San Sal- 

 vador, though heavy losses were inflicted upon 

 the rebels at Chalchuaja, and their intrench- 

 ments were taken by the Government troops, 

 commanded by Gen. Joaquin Lopez. Antonio 

 Ezeta advanced once more upon Santa Anna, 

 and a desperate battle was fought on May 24, 

 when 600 were killed. Commander Thomas, of 

 the United States war ship " Bennington," landed 

 marines at Libertad to protect the American 

 consulate and the lives and property of Ameri- 

 cans and other foreigners. The last battles were 

 fiercely contested. The war lasted only a little 

 over a month, yet in that time, according to the 

 statement of President Ezeta, 3,000 were killed 

 and 7,000 wounded. On the Government side 

 the losses were 2,000 killed and 5,000 wounded. 



Gen. Carlos Ezeta, convinced that further re- 

 sistance would be vain, fled from the country on 

 June 4, on a German merchant steamer bound 

 for Panama. He nominated Dr. Carlos Bonilla 

 to act as President during his absence. The 

 members of his Cabinet and others of his sup- 

 porters joined him at Colon. 



After the departure of the Ezetas a struggle 

 for the presidency took place between Gen. 

 Gutierrez and Manuel Rivas. Their supporters 

 had a pitched battle for the possession of Liber- 

 tad after it had been looted by the fleeing sol- 

 diery of the late Government. Lieut. F. W. 

 Coffin and the United States marines put an 

 end to the looting, but did not interfere in the 

 fight between Col. Ayala, the Governor ap- 

 pointed by Gutierrez, and Ulysses Mora, the 

 nominee of Rivas. The former was finally suc- 



cessful. The rival candidates for the presidency 

 reached San Salvador about the same time. 

 Rivas, who was supported by a large part' of the 

 Indian population, got possession of the palace 

 first, while his troops occupied the barracks and 

 the principal public buildings. Gen. Gutierrez, 

 however, had a more powerful following, and 

 could command more fighting men. Gen. Rivas 

 therefore finally yielded precedence to him. 



Rafael Antonio Gutierrez proclaimed himself 

 President of a Provisional Government, and on 

 June 24 appointed the following Cabinet : Min- 

 ister of Foreign Affairs, Jacinto Castellanos; 

 Minister of the Interior, Prudencio Alfaro; 

 Minister of the Treasury, Corollo Lemus ; Min- 

 ister of War and Marine, Estanislao Perez. By 

 July the Government was working smoothly 

 and the payment of the domestic and foreign 

 debts was resumed. 



Gen. Antonio Ezeta, after his last defeat, 

 fought his way to Libertad, where he arrived 

 on June 6, pursued by the victorious revolu- 

 tionists. With Gen. Leon Bolanos, Major Flo- 

 rencio Bustamente, Col. Juan Cienfuegos, and 

 other officers, he took refuge on the United 

 States naval ship "Bennington," intending to 

 take a Pacific mail steamer for Panama. Com- 

 mander Thomas was instructed from Washing- 

 ton to keep the refugees, and his vessel was 

 ordered home when the new Government de- 

 manded their extradition. Before the arrival 

 of the " Bennington " at San Francisco the 

 United States Government formally recognized 

 the de facto Government of Salvador and Gen. 

 Gutierrez as Provisional President. The refu- 

 gees were held by the United States district 

 court in San Francisco, pending the examina- 

 tion of the charges of murder, arson, robbery, 

 and embezzlement, and were finally ordered, on 

 Sept. 22, to be released by Judge' Morrow, on 

 the ground that the crimes charged against 

 them were of a political and martial character. 

 The main charges were based on the shooting 

 of Col. Tomas Canas. who had delivered his 

 troops, munitions, and cannon to the rebels : the 

 hanging of several persons during the opera- 

 tions ; and the exaction of a forced loan from 

 the International Bank of Salvador and Nica- 

 ragua. 



SALTATION ARMY. The twenty-seventh 

 annual report of the Salvation Army shows that 

 the number of corps at the end of 1893 was 3,124, 

 and of officers, 10,791 ; of which 1,213 corps and 

 4,317 officers were in the British Islands, and the 

 remainder in Canada, Australasia, Jamaica, In- 

 dia and Ceylon, South Africa, France, Switzer- 

 land, Holland, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, 

 Sweden, Norway, the United States, Argentina, 

 Finland, and Italy. A beginning of operations 

 in Japan was contemplated. In connection with 

 the social work were returned 48 rescue homes, 

 64 slum posts, 12 prison-gate home's, 21 food 

 depots, 32 shelters, 17 factories, 17 labor bureaus, 

 and 6 farms, with the management of all of which 

 1,046 persons were engaged. The army num- 

 bered more than 200,000 soldiers, 10.237 local 

 officers, and 3,258 bandsmen, while 35 newspa- 

 pers and 8 monthly periodicals were published 

 by it in 14 languages. The total receipts had 

 been 30,848 and the expenditure 30,370. The 

 foreign service fund amounted to 40,932, the 



