SOUTH CAROLINA. 



717 



children enrolled in the public schools, of whom 

 120,590 are colored. The average attendance 

 was 165,115 white 77,987, colored 77,128. The 

 average length of the school session was 4'3 

 months. In 1893 it was but 3*71 months. The 

 total number of schoolhouses is 3,088. There are 

 2,141 male teachers, who receive average monthly 

 wages $23.13, and 2,453 female teachers, receiving 

 on the average $19.90 a month. The total paid 

 in salaries is $440,785.11. 



At Clemson Agricultural and Mechanical 

 College, near Calhoun, the total number of 

 matriculates was 635, of whom 284 were in the 

 college classes and 351 in the preparatory depart- 

 ment. The main building was burned May 22, 

 with most of its contents. The insurance 

 money, $20,000, which did not cover the loss, was 

 used for a new building; this was nearly 

 finished at the close of the year, at a cost of $23,- 

 393. The Mechanical Hall has been enlarged so 

 as to double its capacity. A levee has been con- 

 structed to protect the river lands against 

 freshets, and the dairy has been completed and 

 equipped so that cheese of the first quality is 

 made daily. The last Legislature appropriated 

 $10.000 for more land, and 288 acres have been 

 bought. The total amount expended during the 

 year, exclusive of the insurance money, was $53,- 

 362.78. The whole expense to a student is about 

 $100 a year, and this may be reduced by his labor 

 to about $70. 



The Winthrop Industrial School for Girls was 

 not completed at the time of the report, Oct. 31. 

 The buildings have so far cost $115.500 ; of this 

 amount $60,000 was given by Rock Hill, at 

 which place the school is built. 



The South Carolina College has a larger at- 

 tendance of new students than it has ever had 

 before ; 150 had matriculated during the first two 

 . months of the fall term. 



State Institutions. The daily average of 

 patients at the lunatic asylum for the year was 

 778. At the close of the year there were 798, of 

 whom 338 were colored. The per capita expense 

 has been $123.37; the preceding year it was 

 $132.80. The total receipts were $115,914.72, 

 and the disbursements $112,383.56. 



There were 1,062 prisoners at the Penitentiary 

 Oct. 31, and an average of 1,042 during the year. 

 There were 51 deaths. The financial statement 

 shows the assets to be $142,271.83, and the liabili- 

 ties $115,168.88. The farm lately acquired will 

 be paid for in full the coming year. The hosiery 

 mill was destroyed by fire, but has been rebuilt 

 on an enlarged plan. 



In a case that came before the Supreme Court 

 in February, it decided that chain gangs are un- 

 constitutional, holding that there is no right to 

 make this additional imposition to fine and im- 

 prisonment. 



Railroads. The railroad-tax cases (see " An- 

 nual Cyclopaedia " for 1893, page 690) were de- 

 cided in favor of the State, March 13, the court 

 holding that the assessments were not excessive. 

 Reductions were made by the State Board of 

 Equalization in May, the accounts showing that 

 the roads had been making no profits. 



The South Carolina Railway was sold at auc- 

 tion in April for $1,000,000 to' the first-mortgage 

 bondholders for the amount of liens prior to 

 their own bonds. 



The Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta and 

 Columbia and Greenville roads were sold July 

 10, for $100,000 each, to the Southern Railway 

 on a decree of foreclosure. 



Industries and Products. An article in the 

 Boston " Manufacturers' Gazette " shows the 

 number, facilities, and location of the cotton 

 mills of the State. Not more than 20 per cent, 

 of the water power has as yet been developed, 

 even in part, for manufacturing. The greater 

 part of the mill sites are in the northwestern or 

 Piedmont region, the mean elevation of which is 

 about 600 feet. The number of establishments 

 is 59, and the number of spindles in operation 

 629,675. The number of new textile mills estab- 

 lished in 1894 was 23. The whole number of 

 looms in the State is nearly 17,000. The report 

 of the Secretary of State shows that the proposed 

 capital stock of the 64 companies, chartered dur- 

 ing the year, amounted to $2,764,100. 



The raising of tobacco has in recent years come 

 to be an important industry. Ten '-years ago 

 tobacco was not grown for the market to any ex- 

 tent in the State. In 1894 Darlington County 

 alone produced 1,000.000 pounds. The acreage 

 devoted to it was not 5 per cent, of that devoted 

 to cotton, yet the value was 16 per cent, of the 

 value of the county yield of cotton. The money 

 value of the tobacco crop was $120,000 an aver- 

 age of $100 to the acre. 



The amount of phosphate rock raised in 1892- 

 '93 was 618,000 tons ; in 1893-'94 it was 475,000 

 tons, the falling off being due to the disastrous 

 cyclone of 1893, which disabled all the river 

 plants for more than six months. The land 

 mining companies raised 316.000 tons in 1892- 

 '93 and 340,000 tons in 1893-'94. 



The report of the corn crop for 1894 gives the 

 State yield as 18,728,822 bushels, while that of 

 1893 was 12,501,035 bushels. 



Figures giving the amount in fine ounces of 

 gold produced in the States in 1893 credit South 

 Carolina with 5,598, an increase of 30 over the 

 product of 1892. 



The Dispensary Law. There were shooting 

 affrays in February at Columbia and at Well- 

 ford, in connection with the enforcement of this 

 law, but the most serious affair was at Darling- 

 ton, March 30. A constable there had reported 

 that the law was openly violated, and asked 

 for assistance. Three others were sent, and met 

 with indignities in the attempt to execute the 

 search warrants. More men were sent, making 

 in all 22. A mass meeting of the citizens of Dar- 

 lington, Florence, and Sumter was held, and 

 resolutions were adopted declaring that the 

 searching of private residences was an act of 

 tyranny to be resisted at all hazards. The Gov- 

 ernor being advised on the 29th that a mob had 

 broken into the armory at Darlington and taken 

 the guns, ordered the Sumter Light Infantry to 

 the place, but on the advice of the Attorney- 

 General sent them home again the following 

 day. On the afternoon of that day a number of 

 the constables who had been ordered to Charles- 

 ton were at the depot waiting for the train, when 

 a fight occurred between the citizens and the 

 constables. Two citizens were killed and 2 

 wounded; 1 constable was killed and 2 were 

 wounded. The riot became general, and the con- 

 stables fled, and were pursued with threats of 



