732 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



act of union of Nov. 14, 1814. The King must 

 profess the Lutheran faith. He has the right to 

 declare war and conclude peace. Affairs com- 

 mon to both kingdoms are discussed in a mixed 

 commission. King Oscar II, born Jan. 21, 1829, 

 succeeded his brother. Carl XV, Sept. 18, 1872. 



Sweden. The legislative power is vested in 

 the Riksdag or Diet. Under the electoral law 

 that was passed by the Riksdag on March 1, 

 1894, the First Chamber is composed of 150 in- 

 stead of 148 members, elected for nine years by 

 the communal authorities, and the Second Cham- 

 ber has been increased from 228 to 230 members, 

 80 of whom are elected in the large towns by di- 

 rect universal suffrage and the rest in the small- 

 er places and in the country by either direct or 

 indirect suffrage. Their term is three years. 

 The Council of State in 1894 was composed as 

 follows: Minister of State, Erik Gustaf Bos- 

 trom ; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count Carl 

 Lewenhaupt: Minister of Justice, August Oster- 

 gren ; Minister of the Interior, Victor Lennart 

 Groll ; Minister of Finance, Baron Fredrik von 

 Essen : Minister of Education and Ecclesiastical 

 Affairs, Gustaf Fredrik Gilljam ; Minister of 

 War. Baron A. E. Rappe; Minister of Marine. 

 Jarl Casimir Eugene Christerson ; other Council- 

 ors of State, Baron Albert Lars Evert Akerhielm 

 and Sven Herman Wlkblad. 



Area and Population. Sweden has an area 

 of 170,979 square miles. The population on Jan. 

 1, 1894, was computed to be 4,824,150, compris- 

 ing 2,336,825 males and 2,487,325 females. The 

 number of marriages in 1892 was 27,338; of 

 births, 132,985; of deaths, 89,257; excess of 

 births, 43,728. The emigration was 45,504, and 

 the immigration 6,511. Stockholm, the capital, 

 had 257,037 inhabitants : Goteberg, 108,801. 



Finances. The budget for 1895 makes the 

 total revenue 97,041,000 kronor (1 krona = 27-J 

 cents). The ordinary revenue, including land tax, 

 rent of domains, net profits of railroads and tele- 

 graphs, forest profits, tonnage dues, and personal 

 taxes, is estimated at 19,416,000 kronor; the 

 extraordinary revenue, in which are included the 

 receipts from customs, postal receipts, stamp du- 

 tii-s, the excise duties on alcoholic drinks and 

 sugar beets, and the income tax, is estimated 

 at 74,973,000 kronor; surplus from preceding 

 budgets. 172,000 kronor; profits for 1893 of 

 state bank. 2,480.000 kronor. The total expend- 

 itures, which are made to balance the revenue, 

 includes 24,809,088 kronor of ordinary expendi- 

 ture on the army, 6,978,900 kronor of ordinary 

 expenditure on the navy, 13,003,010 kronor for 

 public instruction. 11.283,800 kronor for interest 

 and redemption of the public debt, 17,270,200 

 kronor for administration of customs, excise, 

 forests, posts, telegraphs, etc., 3,887,900 kronor 

 for justice, 5,598,188 kronor for the interior, 

 3.946.472 kronor of extraordinary expenditure 

 on the army and navy, 4,890,402 kronor of other 

 extraordinary expenditures, 3,101,290 kronor for 

 pensions. 606,750 kronor for foreign affairs, 

 1,320.000 kronor for the civil list. 250,000 kronor 

 fora building fund, and 100,000 kronor reserved 

 for the insurance of workmen against accidents. 

 The public debt on Jan. 1, 1894, amounted to 

 278,670,602 kronor. 



Commerce. The total value of imports for 

 1892, inclusive of specie, was 360,316.000 kronor, 



and of exports 329,300,000 kronor. Of the im- 

 ports the principal articles were : Rye and wheat 

 30,849,000 Kronor; coal, 25.816,000 kronor; cof- 

 fee, 25,035,000 kronor ; woolens, 22,154,000 kro- 

 nor; iron goods, 11,730,000 kronor; machinery, 

 10.905,000 kronor; cotton, 10,296.000 kronor; 

 cotton goods, 9,796,000 kronor ; sugar, 9.448,000 

 kronor; skins, 8,397,000 kronor; tobacco, 7,103,- 

 000 kronor; wines, 6,841,000 kronor; paper 

 6,496,000 kronor: pork, 6.296,000 kronor ; petro- 

 leum, 5,825,000 kronor. The chief exports were : 

 Timber, 109,295,000 kronor; butter, 35,479,000 

 kronor ; iron, 34.278,000 kronor ; paper, 27,462,- 

 000 kronor; fish, 25,479,000 kronor; matches, 

 10,779,000 kronor; oats, 10,752,000 kronor : wood 

 pulp. 9,421,000 kronor; cotton goods, 5,051,000 

 kronor: animals, 4,476,000 kronor; iron goods, 

 3,473.000 kronor. The shares of the various 

 countries in the foreign trade were as follow, 

 values being given in kronor : 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 in 1892 was 31,134, of 5,746,000 tons, of which 

 10,851. of 2,506,000 tons, were with cargoes: 

 cleared, 29,835, of 5,700,000 tons, of which 21,- 

 582, of 4,329,000 tons, were with cargoes. Of 

 the vessels entered, 14,988 were Swedish, of 

 1,972,000 tons, and 2,392, of 565,000 tons, were 

 Norwegian. The number of steamers entered 

 was 13,292, of 4.227,000 tons; cleared, 13,273. of 

 4,208,000 tons. The merchant navy on Jan. 1, 

 1893, consisted of 2,927 sailing vessels, of 376,903 

 tons, and 1,209 steamers, of 171,808 tons. 



Communications. There were 8,782 kilo- 

 metres of railroads on Jan. 1. 1894, of which 

 2,916 kilometres belonged to the Government 

 and 5,866 kilometres to companies. 



The post office during 1893 forwarded 47,621,- 

 000 internal and 12,726,000 international letters, 

 6,384,000 postal cards, and 68.817,000 newspa- 

 pers, circulars, etc., together with 2.557.000 reg- 

 istered letters and postal orders of the total de- 

 clared value of 431,626,000 francs. The receipts 

 were 9,945.605 kronor, expenses 7,450,514. 



The state telegraphs in 1893 had a length of 

 8.636 kilometres, with 23.980 kilometres of wire. 

 There were 933,908 paid internal and 703,061 

 international messages. Receipts were 1,419,- 

 709, and expenses 1,332,824 francs. 



The Army and Navy. Under the new or- 

 ganization the infantry will consist of 26 regi- 

 ments and 4 separate 'battalions, and there will 

 be 6 regiments of field artillery, each with 6 

 batteries, 1 having in addition 2 batteries of 

 horse artillery and 8 regiments of cavalry. The 

 artillery has field pieces of 8 centimetres caliber, 

 The infantry carry Remingtons of 8 millimetres. 



