SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



733 



The effective of the Swedish army for 1894 was 

 1,953 officers and 32,858 men : total, 38,802. of 

 whom 48 were staff officers, 27,455 infantry, 5,282 

 cavalry, 3,562 field artillery, 535 fortress artil- 

 lery, 990 engineers, 772 train, and 153 administra- 

 tive troops. 



The strongest vessels of the navy are the tur- 

 ret ships " Gota," " Svea," and " Thule," having 

 a displacement of about 3,000 tons each and 11^ 

 inches of armor, and armed with 27-ton and 

 6-inch guns. There are besides 4 ironclad mon- 

 itors, 9 armored gunboats, 14 other gunboats, 3 

 corvettes, 1 torpedo cruiser, 1 school ship, and 20 

 torpedo boats. 



Norway. The legislative assembly is the 

 Storthing, having 114 members, elected for 

 three years by indirect and restricted suffrage. 

 It meets every year in February and elects one 

 fourth of its members to form the Lagthing, 

 which approves, amends, or rejects the bills 

 passed by the other branch, which is called the 

 Odelsthihg. The ministry in the beginning of 

 1894 was composed of the following members : 

 Minister of State, Emil Stang; Minister of Edu- 

 cation and Ecclesiastical Affairs, Dr. Anton 

 Christian Bang ; Minister of the Interior, Johan 

 H. Paasche Thorne ; Minister of Public Works, 

 Peder Nilsen ; Minister of Finance and Customs, 

 Ole Andreas Furu ; Minister of Defense, Chris- 

 tian W. E. Bredal Olsson : Delegation of the 

 Council at Stockholm, Minister-of-State Gregers 

 Winther Wulfsberg Gram, Ernst Motzfeldt, and 

 Johannes Vinding de Ilarbitz. During the course 

 of the year J. V. de Ilarbitz became Minister of 

 National Defense and P. Birch- Reichenwald suc- 

 ceeded Councilor Thorne in the Department of 

 the Interior, while Lieut.-Col. Olsson and Dr. G. 

 F. Hagerup were sent to Stockholm. 



Area and Population. The area of Norway 

 is 124,495 square miles. The population present 

 at the census of 1891 was 1,988,674. The domi- 

 ciled or legal population was 2,000,917, com-, 

 prising 965,911 males and 1,035,006 females; 

 The number of marriages in 1892 was 12,742 

 of births, 59,430; of deaths, 35,769; excess of 

 births, 23,661. The number of emigrants in 

 1893 was 18,778. 



Finances. The revenue for the year ending 

 June 30, 1893, was 52,544,000 kroner, including 

 264,000 kroner of local subscriptions for railroad 

 construction. Of the gross receipts, 21,169,200 

 kroner came from customs, 3,657,000 kroner 

 from the excise duty on alcohol. 7,695,900 

 kroner from railroads, 1,366,000 kroner from 

 domains, forests, and mines of the state, 2,090,- 

 700 kroner from the malt duty, 3,125,700 kroner 

 from the post office, 1,316,200 kroner from tele- 

 graphs, 1,004,500 kroner from law courts, 1,651,- 

 800 kroner from educational institutions, 2,859,- 

 900 kroner from direct taxes, 597,000 kroner 

 from playing-card stamps, 449.600 kroner from 

 the inheritance tax, 1,585,800 kroner from capi- 

 tal funds, 1,190,600 kroner from prisons, hospi- 

 tals, and asylums, and 2,520,000 kroner from 

 various sources. The total expenditure was 

 51,755,100 kroner, including 102,400 kroner for 

 railroad construction. The various heads were : 

 Finances, 8,546,600 kroner, including 5,047,200 

 kroner for interest, amortization, and pensions; 

 army, 8,624,900 kroner ; navy, 3,457,800 kroner ; 

 public works, including operation of railroads, 



roads, bridges, and harbors, 9,651,000 kroner; 

 interior, including posts, telegraphs, forests, 

 agriculture, fisheries, etc., 7,294,700 kroner ; jus- 

 tice, police, prisons, and sanitary service, 5,461,- 

 600 kroner; education, 5,433,100 kroner; Coun- 

 cil of State, 1,277,200 kroner: foreign affairs, 

 701,300 kroner ; Storthing, 580.000 kroner ; civil 

 list and appanages, 482,200 kroner ; accidental 

 expenses, 142,300 kroner. The public debt on 

 June 30, 1893, was 124,960,000 kroner, borrowed 

 since 1851 for railroad construction and other 

 reproductive enterprises. The value of the rail- 

 roads and other assets was 140.900,000 kroner. 



Commerce. The imports of merchandise in 

 1893 were valued at 204,569,000 kroner, and 

 that of the exports at 136,087,000 kroner. The 

 principal imports were : Cereals, 35,700,000 

 kroner; groceries, 26,400,000 kroner; animals 

 and provisions, 12,200,000 kroner ; tissues, 28,- 

 300,000 kroner; metal goods, 9,600,000 kroner; 

 fermented drinks. 3,800,000 kroner. The prin- 

 cipal exports were : Animals and provisions, 

 48,900,000 kroner; timber, 27,100,000 kroner; 

 manufactures of wood, 18,900,000 kroner ; skins 

 and leather, 7,500,000 kroner; oil, 6,900,000 

 kroner; tissues, 5,300.000 kroner. The shares 

 of the principal countries in the commerce were, 

 in kroner, as follow : 



Navigation. The movement of the ports in 

 1892 was 6,704 vessels, of 1,935,423 tons, entered, 

 and 6,551, of 1,895,469 tons, cleared, under the 

 Norwegian flag, and under foreign flags, 5,405, 

 of 983,536 tons, entered, and 5,401, of 988,786 

 tons, cleared. The total number of arrivals was 

 12,109, of 2,918,959 tons, of which 6,069, of 

 1,776,549 tons, were with cargoes ; total depar- 

 tures, 11,952, of 2.884,255 tons, of which 1,182, of 

 488,538 tons, were with cargoes. 



The merchant navy on Jan. 1, 1893, numbered 

 6,739 sailing vessels, of 1,493,503 tons, and 767 

 steamers, of 251,490 tons. 



Communications. The railroads, in 1893, 

 had a total length of 1,612 kilometres. The 

 length of the state telegraph lines was 8,021 

 kilometres, with 16,145 kilometres of wires. The 

 number of internal dispatches was 1,187,720; of 

 international dispatches, 616.541 . The post office 

 carried 24,230,100 internal and 8,951,800 inter- 

 national letters and postal cards and 33,224,900 

 newspapers and circulars. The receipts were 

 3,237,186 kroner ; expenses, 3,205,695 kroner. 



The Conflict with Sweden. A committee 

 of the Storthing reported in May, 1894, that 

 during the political conflict with the ministers 

 of the Crown ten years before the military and 

 naval officers deliberately rendered 30,000 rifles 



