UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



753 



lighting, $Go8,207 : leather and leather manufac- 

 tures, $14,282,936, of which $6.481,257 represent 

 the exports of sole leather, $5,221,205 buff, grain, 

 splits, and all finished upper leather, $249,127 

 patent and enameled leather, $827,356 all other 

 leather, $777,323 boots and shoes, $197,794 liar- 

 ness and saddlery, and $528,874 other manufac- 

 tures of leather; lime and cement, $158,934; 

 malt liquors, $546.940 ; marble and stone, and 

 manufactures of, $1,054,704; matches, $66,590 ; 

 organs, $539,278; pianofortes, $178,372; other 

 musical instruments, $254,465 ; rosin, $3,285,- 

 896; spirits of turpentine, $3,437,245; tar and 

 pitch, $67.807; oil cake and meal from cotton 

 seed, $7,108,716; linseed-oil cake, $1,699,091; 

 lard oil, $449,571; whale oil, $107,077; other 

 animal oils, $183,575; crude mineral oil, $4,415,- 

 004; naphthas. $943,970; illuminating mineral 

 oil. 730,363,785 gallons, value $30,675,292 ; lubri- 

 cating and heavy paraffin oil, $5,448,476 ; re- 

 siduum from mineral oils, $14.704; cotton-seed 

 oil, $6,008,385 ; linseed oil, $48,550 ; oil of pep- 

 permint, $209,722 ; other volatile oils, $64,907 ; 

 all other vegetable oils, $129,035; gold and sil- 

 ver ores, $146,779; paints and painters' colors, 

 $822.932; paper and paper manufactures, $1.- 

 904,218 ; paraffin and paraffin wax, $3,820.655 ; 

 perfumery and cosmetics. $327,745 ; plated 

 ware, $281,484; provisions, comprising meat and 

 dairy products, $145,262,263, of which sum lard 

 represents $40,089,721, bacon $38,338,357, fresh 

 beef $16.696.583, margarine oil $11,942,842, 

 hams $9,844,321, cheese $7,180,232, canned beef, 

 $5,120.851, pickled pork $5,067,773, salted and 

 pickled beef $3,572,016, tallow $2,766,164, cheese 

 $2,076,565, various meat products $1,385,786, 

 imitation butter $475,000. milk $321,396, mutton 

 $173,703. cured beef $100.631, fresh pork $91,- 

 865, and game and poultry $18,454 ; quicksilver, 

 $618,297; clover seed, $4,540.822; linseed, $2,- 

 426,284; timothy seed, $449,207 ; all other seeds, 

 $525,622 ; silk manufactures, $283,756 ; soap, $1,- 

 139,720; spermaceti, $99,467; bourbon whisky, 

 $3,720,562; rye whisky, $266,293; rum, $1,081,- 

 716; brandy* $291,022; alcohol, $62,166; all 

 other distilled spirits, $255,177; starch, $727,- 

 008; stationery, except paper, $683,258; ste- 

 reotype and electrotype plates, $58.124; straw 

 manufactures, $186,427; sugar, $678,960; mo- 

 lasses and sirup, $1,038,680; candy and confec- 

 tionery, $491,625; tin manufactures, $21,104; 

 tobacco, unmanufactured, $24,085,234 ; tobacco, 

 manufactured, $3,849,452 ; toys, $114,431 : trunks, 

 valises, and traveling bags, $123,968; varnish, 

 $282.278: vegetables, fresh and preserved, $1,- 

 740,604; vessels sold to foreigners, $99,042; 

 vinegar, $9,521 ; wax, $118.093 ; whalebone, $441,- 

 969 ; wine, $444,448 ; wood and wood manu- 

 factures, $27,642,051, including $9,300,251 for 

 boards, deals, and planks, $3,422,228 for furni- 

 ture, $2,890,884 for staves and headings, $2,629,- 

 058 for logs, $2,422,447 for various manufactures 

 of wood, $2,411,229 for sawed timber, $1,602,275 

 for lumber of various kinds, $895,446 for shocks, 

 $816,322 for hewn timber, $346,813 for wooden 

 ware, $209,858 for hogsheads and barrels, $203,- 

 107 for doors, sash, and blinds, $176,798 for 

 joists and scantling, $163,582 for moldings, trim- 

 mings, and other house furnishings, and $151.- 

 759 for other lumber and firewood ; wool, $90,676 ; 

 woolen wearing apparel, $316,876 ; carpets, $250,- 

 VOL. xxxiv. 48 A 



006 ; other manufact ures of wool, .$206.985 ; zinc, 

 and manufactures of, and zinc ore, $45(5,878; all 

 other unmanufactured articles, $1,471,039; all 

 other manufactured articles, $1,462,579. 



The total value of the exports of foreign mer- 

 chandise was $22,935,606, of which the value of 

 $14,094,426 was dutiable and $8,841,180 mer- 

 chandise free of duty : $13.074,565 was exported 

 from warehouse and $9,861,041 not from ware- 

 house. 



The imports of gold coin and bullion for the 

 fiscal year amounted to $72,449,119. The ex- 

 ports were $76,449.119, of which $64,487,354 

 were domestic and $12,490,707 foreign gold. 

 The imports of silver coin and bullion were $13,- 

 286,552, and the exports were $50,451,265, of 

 which $39,069,087 were domestic and $11,382,- 

 178 foreign. 



Manufactures. Official statistics of manu- 

 factures in 165 cities of the United States have 

 been issued from the census oflTce as a result of 

 inquiries conducted by special agents in connec- 

 tion with the eleventh census, taken in 1890. 



These cities represent all urban centers having 

 a population of 20,000 and over. The totals 

 given for each city include every establishment 

 of mechanical and manufacturing industry hav- 

 ing a product valued at $500 or more during 

 the census year. 



It is stated in the compendium that so far as 

 practicable the operations of each establishment 

 have been credited to the locality in which the 

 works were situated. 



The data given include : (a) Number of estab- 

 lishments reporting; (b) capital ; (c) miscellane- 

 ous expenses ; (d) average number of employees 

 and total wages ; (e) cost of materials used ; (/) 

 value of products, including receipts from cus- 

 tom work and repairing. 



Number of Establishments reporting. Of the 

 165 cities tabulated in the summary, those hav- 

 ing the largest number of establishments with 

 products valued at $500 or more during the 

 census year 1890 were, in their order, New York, 

 Philadelphia, Brooklyn, N. Y.. Chicago, and Bos- 

 ton. Of the 100 principal cities detailed in the 

 census report on manufactures, 1880, the 5 most 

 important under the same heading were New 

 York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Baltimore, and 

 Boston. Baltimore, fourth on the list in 1880, 

 occupies eighth place in the report for 1890, 

 Cincinnati and St. Louis coming in between. 



Capital. In the statement of manufactures 

 for 100 cities, 1880, included with other manu- 

 facturing statistics as part of the tenth census, 

 the amount of capital employed in each city is 

 given under a single heading, " Capital." For 

 1890 capital is divided in the compendium re- 

 port into 2 parts, shown respectively as " Value 

 of Hired Property " and " Direct Investment." 

 The total or aggregate of these two headings 

 represents the entire capital. The official inter- 

 pretation of "Capital," as found in the compen- 

 dium, is that it " purports to comprehend all the 

 property or assets strictly pertaining to a manu- 

 facturing business, whether such property be 

 owned, borrowed, or hired." 



The amount reported under the subheading of 

 " Hired Property, 1890," represents the value of 

 property held in tenancy and used for manufac- 

 turing purposes. " Direct Investment " includes 



