774 



WATER SUPPLY. 



steel tubing for the delivery main, is over $2,000,- 

 000, and for the second $731,000. 



Atlanta, (*a. Water works were built in 

 1874-'75 by the city. The supply comes by direct 

 pumping from a dam on the head waters of the 

 South river, and pumping to a tank from an ar- 

 tesian well. The water of the river is very mud- 

 dy, but by filtering a good quality is secured. 

 The reservoir covers 51 acres, and lias a capacity 

 of 250,000,000 gallons. The daily capacity of 

 the pumping machinery is 6,000,000 gallons. 

 The Holly system is in use. The regular filter- 

 ing plant was put into operation here in 1887. 

 There are 40 miles of mains, the service pipes 

 being of lead. There are 3,000 meters and 500 

 hydrants. In 1891 plans were adopted for a new 

 supply from the Chattahoochee river, and con- 

 tracts were awarded for 3 10,000,000-gallon Gas- 

 kill pumps. 



Baltimore, Md. First supplied with water 

 by a private company in 1807. In 1854 the 

 works were purchased by the city, and during 

 the next ten years considerably enlarged. At 

 this time the water was conducted by gravity 

 from two small pools on Jones's Falls through 

 iron mains to a reservoir on the bank of the 

 stream below Charles Street bridge, whence it 

 was conducted to so much of the city as was not 

 more than 60 feet above mean tide ; the rest of 

 the city was supplied from a reservoir to which 

 water was pumped. The works built by the city 

 include a dam across Jones's Falls, forming a res- 

 ervoir called Lake Roland, from which water is 

 conveyed by a conduit to Hampden reservoir, 

 which supplies the more elevated districts. The 

 lower part of the city is supplied by pipe line 

 from this reservoir to another called Mount Roy- 

 al. Between the first two is still another reser- 

 voir called Druid lake, built for additional stor- 

 age ; and still another high-service reservoir in 

 Druid Hill Park receives water pumped from 

 this one. Druid lake has a capacity of 463.- 

 000,000 gallons ; the pumping machinery capaci- 

 ty is 6,000,000 gallons. What is known as the 

 Gunpowder system is the result of plans adopted 

 in 1872 and works completed in 1880, designed 

 to give an additional independent supply. A 

 dam on the Gunpowder river about 9 miles from 

 the city forms a reservoir 5 miles long called 

 Loch Raven. From this water is carried by a 

 tunnel nearly 7 miles long to a large reservoir 

 called Lake Montcbello, capacity about 500,000,- 

 000 gallons, and from this by a mile-long conduit 

 to a distributing reservoir known as Lake Clif- 

 ton, with capacity of 265.000,000 gallons. The 

 cost of this system was nearly $5,000,000. There 

 are 422 miles of mains, 913 meters, and 1,815 hy- 

 drants. 



Boston, Mass. The Cochituate and Sudbury 

 systems form the Lake Cochituate supply, with 

 a total storage capacity of 4,755,000,000 gallons. 

 The water is conveyed from Lake Cochituate to 

 Chestnut Hill reservoir by a conduit 14* miles 

 long. This reservoir has a capacity of 700.000 

 gallons, and is connected by a conduit with 

 Brookline reservoir, having a capacity of 120,000.- 

 000 gallons. There arc 4 storage reservoirs with 

 a combined capacity of nearly 3,200.000,000 gal- 

 lons; and a fifth, begun in 1890 and expected to 

 be completed in 1894, has a, capacity of 1,300,- 

 000,000 gallons. There are 500 miles of mains 



(the service pipes are of lead), 3,627 meters, and 

 5,459 hydrants, and the daily consumption is 33,- 

 871.700" gallons. The Mystic lake supply in- 

 cludes two reservoirs having a capacity of about 

 406.000,000 gallons, and supplies a consumption 

 of 8,301,000 gallons daily. This system supplies 

 the Charlestown district and the towns of Chel- 

 sea, Everett, and Somerville. It has 152 miles of 

 mains, 390 meters, and 1,000 hydrants. 



Brooklyn, N. . Until 1856 this city was 

 supplied entirely by wells. The Nassau Water 

 Company was organized in 1856 to construct 

 works, but the city bought up all the stock, and 

 the management was vested in the Nassau Wa- 

 ter Board. In 1874 it was transferred to a 

 Board of City Works. The supply is derived 

 from surface water, open wells, and a system of 

 driven wells, by pumping to reservoirs, 'all from 

 the sandy southern slope of Long Island from a 

 drainage area of 74 square miles. All the water 

 either passes by gravity or is pumped into a con- 

 duit and goes to the Ridgewood pumping sta- 

 tion, where it is lifted to the Ridgewood reser- 

 voir, capacity 160,000,000 gallons, 10 miles from 

 Brooklyn. Besides the Ridgewood reservoir 

 there is the Mount Prospect high-service reser- 

 voir, with a capacity of 20,000,000 gallons, and 

 the Hempstead storage reservoir, capacity 1,000.- 

 000,000 gallons. There are 397 miles of mains, 

 2,021 meters, and 3,702 hydrants. Daily con- 

 sumption, 46.278,287 gallons. 



Buffalo, N. Y. The water supply is derived 

 from Niagara river by direct pumping and 

 pumping to a reservoir. Water is drawn from 

 the river through a tunnel 8 feet square and 

 1,020 feet long, which extends some distance 

 into the stream, being blasted through limestone 

 rock of such nature that it was not necessary to' 

 line it, and connects with an inlet of cut stone. 

 The entire capacity of the pumping machinery 

 is 144,000,000 gallons, the population of Buffalo 

 being 250,000. In 1890-'92 a new 135,000,000- 

 gallon storage and distributing reservoir was 

 built. There are 300 miles of mains, 95 meters, 

 and 2,600 hydrants. 



Cambridge, Mass. The supply is derived 

 from Fresh pond, in Cambridge, and Stony 

 brook, in Waltham, by pumping to reservoir and 



standpipe. In 1876 an additional supply was 

 obtained by means of a conduit of wood and 

 brick 4.000 feet long, with sectional area of 10 

 square feet, to Spy pond, Little pond, and Wel- 

 lington brook; but this water became polluted 

 and has been abandoned. The Stony brook sys- 

 tem was completed in 1887; the reservoir has a 

 capacity of 5,375,321 gallons. The pumping ma- 

 chinery has a daily capacity of 21,000,000 gal- 

 lons. The pond formed by the dam on Stony 

 brook has an area of 75 acres and a capacity of 

 360,000,000 gallons. There are 100 miles of 

 mains, 250 meters, and 650 hydrants. 



Camden, N. J. Water works were built in 

 1853 by a private company, and were bought by 

 the city in 1870. The supply comes from the 

 Delaware river by pumping to a reservoir having 

 a capacity of 7,500.000 gallons. The combined 

 daily capacity of the Worth ingt on and Blake 

 pumps used is 15,000,000 gallons. There are 60 

 miles of mains, 10 meters, and 500 hydrants. 



Charleston, S. C. The works, built in 187(5- 

 '78, are owned by the City of Charleston Water 



