i ii i-: 



ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA. 



an empir* in eastern Africa 

 :i emperor. .-a!. 

 Ii tfsosU II . K:M- of Shot, who MtabBihsd 



n, PM ------- r t.. Johanna II. U* u Ir-a'N n , 1- 



1 toU-r. Italy n- >minal pro- 



Mivytiuia. 

 recognised M within n..- halum ih. 



n - . i : .s ith (in i 1 I'.: il i 

 an i i, i i.-. i, a koowUdfi I be n * 0< : 







. 



ii- Mated II Oi the A. \ m In m !, IP ti. . 



to have especial interest in this countryand 

 Prance have refused to recognize the Italian 



iwople cultivate a degenerate form of 



tie head of the Church. 

 the ab**a. is chosen from among the Coptic 



Uexandria, 

 n conducted by the monk* and priests. 



nail proportion ,,f tiu< \ 

 religious music, grammar, poetry. and tli> 

 turva. The people raiw cattle, goU, and sheep. 



ill the soil 



coffee grow wild, and timber and forest pr 

 are abundant The chief exports are 

 ivory, butter, ami gums. W 

 there is passes through the Italian port of Ma- 



'ones administered br the Italian 

 authorities are: The seaport of Massowah and 



marm, elevated districts where the troops are o uar- 

 tered, haring together an area square 



I pearl shells are gathered for 



export ; and Assab, with an arr of 580 square 



The protectorate includes the empire of 



Harmr. and other ten ilarra 



habiUi 



Danakil. and tho Miltanat.-,.f Aussa:and 

 Oallaland and the (tart of Somalilai 



Italian agreement of Marrh 

 area recogniied as under 

 Italian influence is about 546,100 square miles, 

 with M58300 inhabitants. 

 TOL. xxxv. 1 A 



pea 



ricsthat have 

 Italian 



thria or Kritria. wbfch has for iU salt A 

 Massowal 



480 are Asiatics. The 

 van adminbtralta is 

 k' a pofMilation of 8.4 

 : natives mostlv nomads, wti raise ct- 

 tlr. < amels, sheep, and goats. There is * civil 

 by the Italian Govern- 

 ment The military and naval cnsjsjiamlsM 



S* .::.;.:,:,:.- f - - r. , ,. . : , 



tions r . ..f War. The 



r- \. SJM ai..;. \i ..-.'. .'?.- . ' :- >', 



*M were estimated each at 9J81S.1 1 ? lira, of which 



-d by local taxes and dues, 



764,1 17 lire mm- coi . lul- 



nriii, which had expended 1MJ07.- 



:nr> l>n- u; tn posMssJons from 1888 



tbetradr 



country is carried on by Banians, who are Brit- 



iMowah by land 



ad m :>: I8M PW SjS BH - 



Saati.anl atelacnphUne of S19 



with one of 



running to IVrim. Massowah is also 

 connected I h the military stations on 



the plateau and a telegraph has been 



erected from Agordat to Kassala. 



tnt 8Msian.-The wall. 

 -ala in the Soudan was occupied by Geti. 

 Ilarat: - r in chief of the Italian 



forces, in July. 1U. afirr be had administered 



them across ih.-. VtUra, The place was fortifled. 

 and a garrison of 1.300 men wa left 

 th. able body of 



siege to the town. 



from Agordat, and th. fncndlv emin of the dis- 

 ined with the Italians in expelUng the 



Italian Adfaare Into Tirre.-At the time 

 dervishes appeared before Kassala 

 Raa Uangaacia. the Governor of Turrr. with an 

 army of 10.000 men, moved toward Coal it with 

 -rcupving the rooun- 

 country of Ocule KusaT and beginning 

 cms against the Italians from that van- 

 tage ground. Menelek had for son 



