APOII 



v-v 



nepbew; Uenenu. a 



Harrar. 



vinrd in a way to in- 



press them with the power and magnificence of 

 ir. and esperi* -, grandeur ami 



way the? were loaded with present* for 

 -jrus and man. .age* and other 



IKUHAMSTAN ruhr In eeotral 



.r or ruler t Abdurrahman 



boom occupied the capital 



; with Belyako, the King', layan states 1 



general; and lh* bi.ho., ,, P annr|. but |*rt. af 



Tr. lt> Kmia the member* bean overran and foreibl y oorapied at the ruk 



< f rfrii - ' ' -... '. . 



.rralimaii h^ c^abUah^l 



of tnt of Pathaii. I 

 colas well as of Afgh 



hammedans except 2 Shut*- tribes, some peace- 

 ful in 1 engaged in agriculture 

 others pastoral, war- 

 The present 



v has established a firmer central govern- 

 iian his predecessors, aided by moti* 

 granted by the Ooveranu-nt of I 



was increased in 1898 from 1.200.000 to 1,800,- 

 000 rupees a year. He maintains a regular army 

 to the feudal militia, and is said to 

 have 90,000 men under arm,. There are nearly 

 8.000 infiii.- : artillery force of 76 guns. 



p,.,i,-r I- ii,iii,uf.. tend ar ( sJbol, UN - tfttal, 



i by the Sin<fPishin Hail- 

 road are fresh and prrserred f 



mese tea is forwarded bv 

 issian Central Asia, with which 

 jhan wool and 

 Russian < 



ami ii 



indigo, and sug 

 this route to R 

 there is a grow 



tal imports, in 

 ottons 90 per ': imports from 



..'.000 mpees in 1894. 

 an great in 1880. 



II.. lirilM, \lli.im,.-Th.' |H,li,-y of tht- 



ions in Asia. Great Hr 



presenre a strong, 

 hanistan as a buf- 



:li.- Ku i.m .i"ii;in- 



treaty with the present Ameer to aid him with 

 troops in ease or an unprovoked encroachment 



III..-H In- fr..nti.-r>. A-.lurr;i!im:ni I. .IN t,-. n 



nid encouraged in his efforts to create a 



modern army, and was prompted to dated 



*Ue the native states of Roahan 



T to prex 1'amiro 



hands of Russia. 1 



.strut. -i-'- n. l-.n^.-r ezpei t. bowerer, to : f. i 



Russian advance if..-n In foster 



the military spirit an-1 j.ro\\,-*s <>f the Afghans, 

 anl {.rvM-rv,- t| : . : - :- ; . M tl. t' they ::i 

 make a stand in ilrf.-iiM- AH countnr 



instead of allowing a free passage, or perhaps 



; the invaders, as t !.>ne in for- 



In.liji, The la -crncy 



has not U-. the calculations of the 



, who rel maiulv on the new scientific 



military fnmtier 



shops in which everything raqdaito for an army 

 is manufactured on a large scale under the su- 



of an Kng&h fnaar.8lr8l. 



the gun factory 



PTM 



n-r. Jnd 

 and Mar 

 are turned out 

 brought from 

 at the rate of 

 are made per i 

 fend fr 

 . aaj obtained 



dm...- for the 

 knive* of fine temper an 

 In other shops are man uf ' 

 baud instrument*, rnilitar 

 isaf. an be cast 



in one piece. The rolling mil 

 hines, and lathe* 



' 



ind. Cartridges are 

 f field ft 

 i. Oonpowdar is manofao- 



f .- : !,. " 



There are also large soap and 

 t has a n 



>int has a maximum ca| i 



r mm ' ' ' ' .: 



Tr. 



a hfht railway Uid down to bring Hmsatona 



fr. n, !.- !..;;. : aril - fr. ] .. f r . sjsJh 



breed of army horses the Ameer maintains a 



beat blood of AM/% and Kurope is 

 der the direction of an English 



irrahman Khan, who was so ill in 18B4 

 that his life was despaired of, subsequent lv re- 

 oowad HA : nth b nta agi . - f 

 government. Herontemplated making his lonf" 

 promised visit to England, bat flnallv sent hi* ssc~ 

 ^nillahKhan,inhisstead. When Ah- 

 durrnhmnn dies, there may be a contest for the 



-, ,-...,-,- ,-;-:..- ' 



,: : ' . - .. . ,:..' / ' " '. 



^ration of justice in the JH 



There is already a party in favor of a younger 



Vmeer relate*! through his mother to 



the Harakzai Hn ,-r rolers of the coon- 



try. who were supplanted by the Sadosmi dy- 



nasty. Ishak KhinTthe preteoder. who has ai 



: to overthrow Abdurrahman, is 



now a fugitive in Turkestan, and a pensioner of 



<sian trrasory. 



illah Khan arrived in Rngiand on May 

 38, 1805. with a retinue of 190 Mnona. He was 

 -. state and entert 



estern India, which bit* 



een fortified at enormous expense, and to 

 obtain which not only have indepot 



ceremon y for several months. 



The Pamir AgrtMUlt The i 



of the Russian sphere of interest in the Pamir 



region was declared in the original agreement 



between Great Britain and Russia to be the 



its w>urw. The Russians have 



tnja or southern branch of the 



oins is the true upper coarse of the river, 



l-ing the larger and longer. The 



rlaimrtl at fir* tl -ghab was 



but discovered that this contention t 



lese. instigated, at the 



supposed, bv English agent*, occupied the east- 

 ern pirt of the Pamirs, beyond the lakes of 



