Ill 



K COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



from the fold 



tit months a* 



' >. ... . ., , 

 anenditereal 11 

 i the sources of revenue 

 customs, stamps, t nin * 

 ,, hut ux. TheOovern- 

 burrowed in Europe, mid 

 ' niMdO, iad 



and Predncllon. Tho original 

 Bow popnlaboo follow* agrioulure and stock- 

 mWagTCbiW Ui. newer population, wl.ich con- 

 tJtvtas the second class of burghers and i> 



dock, is engaged 

 gokt the principal exp 



fritlm. and Ivory. The dutiable imports in 

 >.:..-,::..:..: . . : ;'.. f 

 friim 888,888 ounces in 1891 to 

 in 1808, and in 1808 to 1.610.. 

 valued at 5.686.12* Good coal is 

 in the eartern hilK and iron, silver, and 

 ralaable minerals exist. 

 Communication*. The railroad built by the 

 Cape Government across the Orange Free State 

 IMS bean continued to Pretoria, 78 miles from 

 the Vaal river frontier. The line from Dur- 

 ban is being continued from Charlestown to 

 v. A hi.- from Delagoa Bay to the 

 Tramvaal frontier, a distance of 57 miles, was 

 Unit bv a Portuguese company, and has been 

 continued to Pretoria (295 miles) by the Nether- 

 bads Company. The line was officially opened 

 on July 9. lAtt. There were in September. 

 18H, within the boundaries of the Republic 

 4*8 miles of completed railroads. 891 miles 

 in roesss of construction, and 478 miles pro- 



The telegraph lines had a total length 

 of l miles in UM beginning of 1894. 



l^rUlatUn.-The Englishmen and other 

 Ruropeans were far from satisfied with the 

 rightt conferred upon them by the constitu- 

 tional amendments of 1894. At the same time 

 that they were demanding fuller political rights 

 they denied the power of the Govern ment. to 

 which they had sworn allegiance, to require 

 military service of them, and appealed as Brit- 

 ish subjects to the Imperial Government, which 

 made represent stioni to the Transvaal (i 

 ment, and in February, 1895, succeeded in ob- 

 taining from President Kroger a convention 

 the commandeering of British suh- 

 to the ratification of the Volk-- 

 resldent bad already promM. in 

 Jane, 18B4. that British subjects should n 

 be noaimandeured for perlonal military service. 

 The Government proposed to modifv the com- 

 U. and asked the Volksraad to 

 I enrollment of paid volunteers. 

 A new jrievanoe was the exclusion under the 

 law of 1*1 of foreign coin from circulation. 

 The sniorcsuiint of this law affected the supplv 

 of labor from Znlnland for the Rand mineaT as 

 the Zulus wanted to be paid in British 

 The buKnsss of some traders was stopped be- 



they asked the 

 and demand 



to them. 



Mining. The product of the Witwat- 

 gold field in 1894 was 2 



2,024,183 ounces, 



valued at 6.980.000. During the eight years that 

 .,|,v,.,i .sin.-,- themines were otx-nrd tiiero 

 had been a total output of 6.544,584 ounces. 

 j a gross value of 22,600,000. extracted 

 fr..,,, 10, n 0,000 tons of ..iv. The dividends paid 

 lv thf priMluciii); mines ihirinj: this ; 

 ninoiint t<. i-4.4S4.-Vn. In IS'.M thnv 



11.406.266 paiil iu divi.ini. i-. There are 50 pro- 



.liiciii^ Miini-s. the stock of which had a inarkrt 

 value in January, 1895, of 88,000,000. A lar-o 

 part of the earnings <>f tin- Icadiii- inin<>-> in 

 1894 was e\|>- M'l.'l in adding t<> ih.ii- |.r..|.,Tiy 

 ami the construction of new work-. S. vn-al of 

 id.' mines wen- operated at a loss. The losses 

 since tin- opening of the lir-l mines M 

 been estimated at 12,000,000. Sin.-e 1S!'J the 

 proportion of losses to profits has been -mailer. 

 Some of the deep-level mines, for which vertical 

 -hafts of from 600 to 1,000 feet have I ..-en sunk, 

 first came into operation in 1895. The ore at 

 the lower levels wasexpected to lie neit her richer 

 nor poorer than the surface outcrop, as the Dual- 

 ity i- found substantially tin- same in the older 

 mines as far down as they have been worked, an 

 average of 400 feet. The average yield per ton 

 is 18-3 dwt., ranging from 8 to frdwi The 

 deep-level workings, as far as they have been de- 

 veloped, indicate that the reefs run even in <jual- 

 ity and thickness, averaging 6 feet, and that the 

 lip is the same, 20 to 40. No troublesome in- 

 flow of water has appeared in the deepest drifts 

 that have been yet opened. The heat has been 

 found by boring to be 95*3 F. at a depth 

 of 2,494 feet, indicating that the mines can be 

 worked profitably to the depth of 3,000 feet ; for 

 the highest grades of ore, 3,500 feet. The hoist- 

 ing of the ore is not expensive, as coal is abun- 

 dant. The deep-level mining companies acquire 

 several hundred mining claims of H acre each, 

 as i- necessary to warrant the heavy expenditure. 

 for sinking shafts. Besides the main reel 

 there are other reefs in the Transvaal, especially 

 of the kind called black reef, which is rich only 

 in spots, and, on the whole, not likely to prove 

 profitable to work. 



African gnld mines have been the object of 

 extravagant speculation in London, and latterly 

 in Paris. The French have invested 20,000,- 

 000 or 30,000,000 in the gold mine- of the 

 Transvaal, chiefly in the largest and most noted 

 ones, and the English investments are perhaps 

 four times as great. The deep-level mines are 

 expected to bring the annual product of the 

 Hand mines up to 10,000.000 in two years 

 and to 112.500.000, when the maximum' pro- 

 duction is reached three or four years later. 

 The total available supply from this district has 

 been estimated at 1325,000,000. 



I lie Swaziland Settlement The Kingdom 

 of Swaziland, which has an area of 6,150 square 

 miles and a Kaffir population of 60.000, was de- 

 clared to be indejK-ndent in the convention con- 

 cluded in 1884 bet ween t he British and t he Trans- 

 vaal government*. 1' en and British 

 traders having gained a footing in the country 

 by obtaining concessions from the native rulers 

 during internal disturbances and wars with the 

 Xulus. a convention was made in 1890 between 

 the same parties whereby the government of the 

 white imputation was committed to a mixed com- 

 mission. In November, 1893, the British Gov- 



