LSI 



UIKMISIRY 



to*^i~M<!te**-!*L!: s~?S 



From the wave length of sound in the gat, 

 from which the theoretical ratio of specific heats 

 1-66 U approximately obtained. 

 b drawn bv Prof. IUmay that helium, like ar- 



. s . .. . M .. ... Vati ha- Ml been 



able U> liquefy helium, though he subjected it to 

 a pressure of 140 atmospheres, cooling tt to the 

 taSperature of air boilSg at low pressure, .and 

 exnandinf suddenly. I u atomic weight U fixed 

 i- ' |ej ] v i 



, - . . . ' Barboa, OB, aai ban 

 obtained by l>r. Deninger. of Dresden, in con- 

 sMtraJMt quantities by heating anhydrous so- 

 dium ralpnVU and eiooei of chloroform in ex- 

 aaarted ssalsd tubes to about 180 C. Sulphu- 

 . .. .- . ; .-.:.. klojftda, ind tbi m-w 

 were obtained. The gas is combustible. 

 with the production of sulphur dioxide, 

 U TCTT explosive; it is energetically ab- 

 sorbed by alcohol and aniline, and readily con- 

 deoses to a liquid in an ordinary freezing mix- 

 tare. It is also obtained by heating in sealed 

 tubes a mixture of silver sulphide and iodo- 

 ' i i 



The investigation of the new iodine base 

 lodonium has been continued by pupils of Prof. 

 r. A base and its salts derived from 

 toluene are described by Mr. John McCrae, and 

 a further serial derived from para-chlor-iod ben- 

 awe, C.H 4 CII, by Mr. Wilkinson. From the 

 various experiments it appears that the reactions 

 discovered by Prof. Meyer and Il.-rr llartrnann 

 between iodobeniene and silver oxide, and be- 

 snlphuric acid and iodobenzene, which 

 1 in the preparation of the first iodonium 

 i of fairly general application in the 

 series. These remarkable compounds 

 ining iodine as the grouping element, must 

 therefore, be regarded as thoroughly well 







the older idea as to the nature 

 of the iodine atom must give place to a fuller 

 conception of the capabilities of that element 



Prof. Jolv. of the Paris Ecole Normale, has 

 investigated the compounds of ruthenium, prin- 

 cipally those resulting from an association of 

 this slement with binoxide of nitrogen, a 

 hi nation which, behaving as a single body, unites 

 'Inline, bromine. Iodine, and oxygen. 1 1 

 find* it to be. of all known elements, that which 

 prmentA the most original properties. He has 

 exhibited a red coloring matter, resulting from 

 an ssoeiation not yet definitely determined 

 (oxychloride of ammoniacal ruthenium). . 



tonal power equivalent to that of th. 

 riebest dye materials obtained from coal tar, to 

 that of fnchsine. for instance. A five m > 

 pan of the substance suffices to color water. It 

 dyes ilk directly. and the color thin procured 

 is stable. The chemical reactions of this new 

 coloring matter are equally interesting. Acids 

 tran-form it into yellow, and alkalies bring it 

 bark to red. 



flayer describes in the " Bulletin de la 

 Soeiet^ Chimique" what appears to be a new 

 element discovered bv him in the residual 

 liquor* derived from the older process for the 

 extraction of aluminium from red bauxite. It 



in the form of an acid contained in a 

 deep-brown precipitate obtained by uddim: hy- 

 drochloric arid to the liquid left after tin 

 ilium and chromium have been removed. After 

 a series of processes for the removal of ..ther 

 substances, the new acid is obtained by evapora- 

 tiona substance soluble in water, from \\hi.-h 

 it is deposited in yellow crystals that fuse at a 

 red heat to a brownish-yellow mass. Ammonia 

 transforms the acid into an olive crystalline 

 powder, presumably an ammonium sail, which 

 readily dissolves in hot water and crystali 

 culcs from the solution on cooling, other pre- 

 cipitations and reactions are descn bed. 1 ) i 

 anticipates that when the new substance has 

 been obtained in .uthYient quantities to allow 

 accurate examination it may prove to be one of 

 the missing elements predicted by Prof. Mend< 

 leef in the nitrogen-phosphorus group. It a* 

 hibits characteristic spectroscopic lines in the 

 green, blue, and violet. 



A new organic acid described by II. .1. II. 

 Fenton is obtained by oxidizing tartaric acid 

 tinder certain conditions in presence of a fer- 

 rous salt in this particular instance by tin- 

 oxidation of moist ferrous tartrate in the air. 

 The reaction is much accelerated by light. Tin- 

 acid when isolated proves to be dibasic ha\ini: 

 the formula C 4 H0, + 2H,O. It $ives a beauti- 

 ful violet color with ferric salts in presence of 

 an alkali. Heated with water it is resolved into 

 carbon dioxide and glycolic aldehyde, the latter 

 substance polymerizing to form a sweet-tasting 

 gum having the formula C,H,,0. 



Several aromatic esters of arsenious acid, pre- 

 pared for the first time by Dr. Fromm, of Ros- 

 tock, are either viscous liquids or crystali;: 

 ids, and are prepared with considerable facility. 

 The triphcnyl ester, AsfOCall,),. is obtained by 

 allowing arsenic trichloride to fall drop by dn>j> 

 into sodium phenylate suspended in ether. It 

 is a colorless viscous liquid endowed with an 

 odor somewhat resembling that of phenol, and is 

 decomposed instantly by water into arsenious 

 oxide and phenol. The para-cresyl ester. As 

 (0('.H( '!!,),, is similarly obtained", is likewise 

 an oily liquid boiling at 'a higher temperature, 

 and has similar properties. The ben/yl ester, 

 As(OCH,('.H)i, has been isolated in an analo- 

 gous manner, but is not quite so stable as the 

 others, being more or less decomposed upon dis- 

 tillation in a vacuum. It may be obtained prac- 

 tically pure by heating the product of the reac- 

 tion in an oil bath to 200 C. under low pr 

 It reacts with water similarly to the two other 

 esters. In addition to these liquid aromatic ar- 

 senious esters, the /3-naphthyl ester. A 

 Hi)s. has been prepared bv the action of arsenic 

 trichloride upon the sodium derivative of 0- 

 naphthol. It crystallizes from the ethereal so- 

 lution after decantation from the precipitated 

 common salt, in colorless aggregated cr 

 which melt at from 113 to 114 C., and are 

 readily soluble in alcohol and benzene as well as 

 r. Wator immediately decomposes them, 

 and in boiling water the products of the decom- 

 position arsenious oxide and 0-naphthol dis- 

 mpletely. 



New Proceaaeg. Anhvdrous hydrogen per- 

 oxide, isolated by Dr. Wolffenstein, proves, con- 

 trary to the previous belief, to be stable and 





