CHKM18THV 



CHILL 



for pharmaceutical purposes have bean found to 

 contain it. Tht anvntc i derive, 1 from the re- 

 agents usstl in preparing th* glyrrrin. The 

 Mpmtftfoti, largely entrrtainM. that die arsenic 

 oanbeVand b removni by li*tillatin i* <1 

 incorrect by J. !*>> .1 manufacturer, 



who says that arsenic contained in . 

 . . ...... : i ...... ,-. :, and thai than li 



no process known to him for completely freeing 

 giyosria from arsenic. Thr pure substance, free 

 from arsenic, can therefore b.- ..Uainl ..,,i> 

 from sourav where reagents not contaminated 

 with arsenic ar* usetl. It can tw obtained in 

 re the fats an* hydrolyied by 



mean* of watrr. r in whi -h lim- 

 if employ**!. Hut all glycerin coining from 

 works where sulphuric-acid saponiflcation is used 

 ritain arsenic, as the glycerin will extract 

 all the amok from the sulphuric add Arsenic, 

 thoofh the most objectionable one, is not tin 

 only Imparity 'Jiat may be f..iunl in "chemically 

 gtavrin. Organic impurities may be 

 either fatty acids, etc., or what are called 

 lyglycerols. under which are summarized all 



those substances having a higher boiling point 

 than glycerin. SuiUble tests are prescribed for 

 ..-. .'-. .-,. - 



Experiments made by R. T. Thomson for 

 comparing the value of formic aldehyde as a 

 preservative with such substances as boric acid, 

 salicylic acid, and benxoic acid show that 8} 

 grains of the 40-per-cent solution of formalin 

 (the beat commercial form of the substance) are 

 quite as effective in preserving milk as four 

 times that amount of boric acid (at least when 

 used as a mixture of boric acid and borax), and 

 the same proportion of sal :. while the 



preserving power of benzoic acid is very low 

 compared with what might be expected from 

 statements made in text-books. 



Discussing the sensitizing action of dyes on 

 gelat mo-bromine plates, C. H. Il.t hamly" offers 

 evidence against Aboev's view, that an oxidation 

 product, formed by the action of h-ht on the 

 dye. is the active agent in sssisting the reduc- 

 tion of the silver bromide by the developer. The 

 probabilities, the author h. Id. appear more in 

 favor of Kder's view, that the dye or sen 

 absorbs the energy of the light waves, and 

 passes that energy on to the silver bromide wit h 

 which it to associated, the silver bromide being 

 thereby decomposed, and the so-called latent 

 image being formed. The author added that so 

 far as he was aware, photo-chemical action i 

 always preceded by the absorption of light 

 waves, and. in the case of colorless substances, 

 a b the ultra-violet rays that are absorbed and 

 do the chemical work. Although the - 

 tative composition of the latent image is not 

 known, we have, as a matter of fact, considera- 

 bl* knowledge as to its prooerUes. There is no 

 difficulty in determining the absorbing action 

 ie smMitiring effect on two contiguous 

 strips of the same plat*, and therefore under 

 strictly comparable conditions. No relation can 

 be 

 its 



Glossing has experimented with a 

 number of substance* with a riew of finding a 

 paste for tipping matches endowed with the 

 properties of the mixture containing white phos- 



phorus and not having its poisonous ]>r <i rtirs. 

 ..suits showed that it is necessary t.. use 



potassium rhlorato. ro<l plio-pl,,,*. ground 

 glass, glui-. or its eouivalent. ami that it is not 

 a simple matter to find a pcrfe< t -ul^titute for 

 the paste used in tippini; < <>min"ii mat. -he*. 



In i-\|MTiiiiiMits <>M thr antisi-|itir properties of 

 li-infcctants- mixr-l with ilinYn-nt fnt> in tin- 

 shajH- nf iiintini-nlN I>r. Hrcslaiii-r rxaniin-l -ar- 

 I'olic arid, corrosive sublimate, Korir ncid. ni- 

 trate of silver, rtr.. in r..mliination with <>jl. 

 vaselilM'. fat. lanolin anhydrirum. lanolin, and 

 unguent urn Irnims. Thr decree of anti^-ptic 

 power possessed by thr disinfectant was found 

 ,11. 1 in a remarkable manner upon the 

 particular diluent employed; and in all 

 the best antiseptic n^iilt^ wi-re olitained with 

 disinfectants in < -oinhinat ion with lanolin or un- 

 gucntuin lenieiis. The author asserts that oil 

 and fats simply reduce the antiseptic action of 

 the disinfectant 



Prof. Clowes has found that an atmosphere 

 containing 16*4 p. r < ent. of oxygen, 80*5 per 

 cent, of nitrogen, and IM per cent, of 01 

 dioxide will extinguish a candle flame ; while it 

 is still, according to Haldane. respirahle. and 

 can even be breathed for a considerable tim> l>y 

 a healthy person without injury. An atmos- 

 phere whicn extinguishes a coal-gas flame, how- 

 ever, appears, so far as the proportion of oxygen 

 which it contains is concerned, to approa <h the 

 limits of respirability. The author advi>r-> that 

 the coal-gas flame be . sul st it ut ed for the candle 

 and lamp flame as a test for the quality of air. 



CHILI, republic in South America. The 

 national Congress consists of two branches, the 

 Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. S. -nat ..!>. 

 of whom there are one third as many as th< re 

 are Deputies, are elected by the provinces for >i\ 

 years; Deputies are elected l>y the departments 

 for three years. Every male citi/en twenty-one 

 years of age has a vote if he can n ad and write. 

 The President is elected by indirect, suffrage for 

 five years. The Cabinet is selected by the Presi- 

 dent, hut the ministers are now considered re- 

 s|Nin>ible to Congress. 



Jorge Montt is President for the term ending 

 Dee. ft, 1^"'.. The Cal.in.-t in the beginning ol 

 1895 was composed of the following mil, 

 Interior. Dr. M elver; Foreign A flairs and Wor- 

 ship. Mariano Sanche/ l-'ontecilla : .lust ice and 

 I'ul.lic Instruction, Federigo Erra/.urix ; War 

 and Marine. Santiago Aldunate IJascunan : Fi- 

 nance, Carlos Riesco; Industry and Public 

 Works. Manuel A. Prieto. 



Area and Population. The area of th. r. 

 public fa 298,970 square miles. The population 

 on De. was climated atS.'.'i:., 



the basis of the census of 1885. A corre< -ted 

 official estimate makes it 8,365,221, inclndinj: 

 50,000 uncivilized Indinns The population of 

 Santiago, the capital, is aho.it 'j.Vi.ooO; that of 

 Valparaiso, the chief port, is r,o,000. 



( omiiK-ree. '] ... value of th.- imports in !*:{ 

 was 68^35,874 silver pesos (1 peso = 01 cents) ; 

 of the exports, 72,245,114 pesos. More than half 

 the total value of exports represents nitrate. 

 -lief imports are sugar, cattle, coal, and 

 cloths. The values of the leading exports in 

 1892 were: Nitrate, 31,785.060 pesos; wheat, 

 6.196,457 pesos; iodine, 5,138,460 pesos; bar 



