Lie 



CHINA. 



task Germany first counseled acceptance of the 



I ranee and Kiw- 

 ng upon a lower price for the < 

 UonofUao-fung. An arrmiigemeot W M !lnHllv 

 faoL and the protocol wat stone. 1 ..t I', km 

 eariy in November. The Tokio Government ac- 

 t^lOgOOOgOOOtaaKtobapa 16. as 



, , . -. ' - : . . . '.:. BUflMMM- 



eki traatv. and agreed to evacuate P>rt Arthur 

 ua in said to have covenanted 

 ootV> e*de any part of the Lia^Tung i*-, 

 lo any foreign power. She had already agreed 

 to aa*otiau> acommrn in! treaty with Japan, f-r 

 Li-Hang-Chang was appoiatad eommis- 



> af the Peaeador**. When the Japa- 

 told Li-lliing-Chanj: that Japan 



to take possession of Formosa, the 

 Japanese squadron had alreadv sailed on that 

 errand. On March 28 three ships bombarded a 



jl '-.'' ' ' 



lands, near the western coast of Formosa. The 

 Chinese replied with guns of 15 centimetres, but 

 ware not able to hit the ships. A force of 8,000 

 men wa* landed with guns, which, with the sup- 

 port of the ships* batterieajcannonaded the fort 

 until the garrison left it The Japanese entered 

 it early the next morning, and then marched 

 upon the fortified town of Makung. which was 

 evacuated after an hour's musketry firing. The 

 Japanese lost 1 killed and 27 wounded, while the 

 Chinese losses ware 50 killed and 60 taken pris- 

 oners. The garrison departed in junks for 

 Fisher island; and with the garrison there sailed 

 for the Chinese mainland. This island was oc- 

 cupied oo March 87. A garrison of 8.000 men 

 waTplaoad in Makung. 



EM wf the War-Besides the operations in 

 the Pescadores and Formosa, the Japanese seized 

 the bland of Vuc)i<>w. bombarded the forts at 

 IU>< how. on the Kiangsu coast, and on March 

 $4 landed a force and temporarily occupied that 

 town after a sharp fight in which the Chinese 

 lost 900 killed. In preparation for the advance 

 Shanhaikwan thev took the island of 



which lie* miifway between Kinchow 

 that nty. After the treaty was ratified the 

 troopt ware gradually withdrawn from all points 

 except Port Arthur and \\Yi-IIni-\V.-i. The im- 

 perial guard, which had come to lead in the ad- 

 vance upon Pekin. was dispatched to Formosa 

 to reduce the rebellion there/The other troops 

 returned to Japan, and were disbanded. Thewar 

 vat officially declared to be at an end on June 8. 

 The effective strength of the Japanese forces that 

 fought in Chin* wa, 60.979. of which number 89,- 

 097 formed the first army. 19,919 the second army, 

 and IJMI were sent afterward. The number 

 actually unpiied from Japan was more than 

 double the righting force, which was attended by 

 coolie* IDT transport, road-making, and the like. 

 The total number of deaths in the army from the 

 beginning of the Korean campaign, in June, 

 1894, till the return of the troopsiS June, 1895! 

 was 4.110. of whom 784 wer i 



died from wound*, and 8.148 died from disease. 

 Of these last, 1.608 died of cholera, of which 

 there were ijMi cases among the troops. The 

 actual cost of the war was 150.000.000 yen. 



mosa t 'he government to tin- .lapane^o 



authorities. The Chinese ^fovernor 1<>M control 



'ie tpHlpS allll pe-. pie \\llrll till- e. >.)., U of 



the island Invarne known. 'I In- leaders i.f the 

 Black Flags and the litt-rnti made pn -pa rat ions 



" . .la|>anese, nn.l mian-M |.iv\ :iil.-.| 

 surh mi rxti-nt that Hritish and (ierinan ma- 



Subjnration of Forwoaa.- U-Ching-Fang, 

 the Viceroy's son, and Mr. Foster went to For- 



rines were landed at AnpuiL' to |,r,-t,,-t 

 |K?n lives and propcrt\. In tin- south tl 

 age aborigines raided Chinese settlements and 

 piantationa, There were alx>ut 80.000 Chim-.- 

 soldiers on the island, most of tin-in lawless 

 Kwangtung men, includini; numv ..| the fear- 

 less warriors who ha<l (ongnl the Pkenoh. Tiii->e 



troops, whose pay wa> many months in ;r 

 niiitinieil acainst'their comiiiandrrs and pillaged 

 the inlmliitaiiK Tin- <io\rniT and all the 

 civil ami military officer* were recall'i tnCliinu 

 by an imperial decree promulgated on May 21, 

 DW the Governor did not olx-y, and n 

 were taken to withdraw the turlmlent soldi.-ry. 

 Luh-Vinh-Phnoc. the old chief of the Black 

 Flags, took the l.-ad in a revolt against ti 

 rulers. The rhine-r <;.. \eniment sent 5,000 

 more troops to the island from Canton to ^Hi- 

 press the Black Flags, and most of these j.-m.-d 

 the rebels. A Baku chief, railed Kuhun^kuk, 

 proclaimed himself kin.i: in the northern part of 

 tin- island, ami thousands of well-e<jni|>|.ed *,\- 

 diers joined his standard. Finally. Tan;:-' 'hini:- 

 Sung. the Chinese Governor, encouraged I y < tn 

 nese oflicials in Canton and Nankin. 

 proclaii ..... 1 an indejiendent republic with him- 

 self as president, and appealed to the l'r< m h 

 republic and to Spain for aid. Two or three 

 da^'S af tor ward a Japanese fleet arrived at Tani- 

 sui, where the Chinese officials refused to allow 

 the Japanese to land. Torpedoes blocked tin- 

 entrance to the harbor. Chang-Chi-Tong, Yici- 

 roy of Nankin, sent troops and munitions to 

 assist the rebels. The forces of the nominal 

 republic, which was understood by the popu- 

 lation to be an official device, were said to num- 

 ber 100,000 Canton. Honan, and Swatow !>raM- 

 and Hakka militia, all well armed with Mauser 

 and Lee rifles and Winchester carbines, and well 

 supplied with ammunition. On May 80 a Jap- 

 anese force landed on an island at Ki inn-. 

 which was valiantly and ably defended. The 

 formal transfer of the island to Viscount Kal.a- 

 yama, the Japanese Governor-General, took place 

 on .lime on board a vessel at Kelung. Lord 

 Li included the cable in the list of Government 

 pro|M-rty and offered a statement eoneernin- the 

 condition of affairs, but withdrew it when the 

 .la panes*, commissioner explained that if the 

 chinesi- authorities had official cognizance of 

 the insurrection they were bound to supp: 

 The next UK. ruing the Japanese landed in force, 

 and occupied Kelung after several hours of 

 severe fi^htin^. in which 200 Chinese and 8 

 Japanese were killed. As Taipch-ln. the capi- 

 tal, was only a short distance away, President 

 Tang and the other officials took flight and went 

 on board a German passenger steamer. The forts 

 at Tamsui tried to detain this vessel, compelled 

 the deliverv of treasure to pay the garrison, and 

 fired upon her. killing 7 men, upon which the Ger- 

 man gunt toat " Iltiv " bornk'irded the forts, kill- 

 ing 13 men, and the Chinese gunners then fled. 

 Only Cantonese fought the Japanese, as the 



