\i:i:i:iN(i. 



immediately taken by 



i-:- 



gftfilt wafl Unmeaiaifiy in*en oy 

 lotWMMQt 10 provide 'n -mini on 



,nnjf Ih* 1C; ; r, union of 

 iBiairy to transport m.-n and 



Hir Oarnei Wobl*vtn 

 fctaf of the 



1-11. r. 



Ijird Wolseley, com- 

 f rf the British arm v) sough, 

 i to us* UM American cannl. but this 

 was rafusrd bv UM United States, in 

 with UM uws of nations. I he 

 trouble was overcome by landing tr.-p* and 

 avppttes OB UM Canadian side of t he -t rnit 

 ia* Ibe rmpcy boau round through the Am.-n- 

 B* canal, which was available by Treaty, and n- 

 . . x ..... , raia ' EM my, 



Tbis va* UM tat incident that forced upon the 

 ^MHHh"* the imtiortance of a canal of their 

 Tbe secoiid l ou>red in 1808, when the 



rgbes tossing through the 

 Wrlland Canal were ntaed. The Government 





immediately notified that 



of rnd thiit < nnadian vessels paav 



ing through the Sault Sto, Marie canal would U. 

 forthwith rained in rvtaliation. l>n t hi* the 

 Canadians withdrew their excessive tolls but the 

 nead of a canal was still evident, more perhaps 

 from a military than from a commercial | M iint 

 of view, since only about :tf percent, of the i..ial 

 commerce passing the American canal is of < 'a- 

 na<lmn ownership. The new Canadian Canal is 

 1.106 feet long in its masonry sect P.M. an : 

 fait altogether, with a total length, including 

 approaches dredged in the natural channel. <>r 

 about 18.000 feet. The lock is 900 feet lor. 

 tat wide, tt feet below the lowest recorded 

 of the water. There are 5 sets of lock 

 Two 4-Vm. h turbines, of 150 horse power 

 each, operate the generators for the <! 

 plant, water power is taken from Lake Su- 

 perior and carried through a large pipe t<> the 

 power nouar, where it divides, one branch j 

 to each of the turbine*. One turbine in capable 

 of doing ail the work, the other being kept f.>r 

 ides. The turbines can also be used to 

 S centrifugal pumps to empty the lock 

 r in case of need. Thin work 'can be ef- 

 factcd at the rate of ir M> gallons a miu- 



ute. emptying the chamU r in >ix .r wv-n hours. 

 Two dynamos for ele<-tric li^htin-. and motors 

 ot tS none power for gates and valves, are pro- 

 vided for UM ordinary working requirem. , 

 the lock*. The wotk of construction was under 

 "f ('ollingwood Schrie 



. eniaf engineer of the Department of Kail 

 rs and Canals. William ( 



'rawfonl was i 



The gate mni-liiii.-ry. with the 

 ttajtption of UM electric ,,i 



^ptnoa. Tbe total coat of tna en tire work 

 wan about $4.000,000. 



HaHfSj Ship (anal. -< ..n.i.loring the mag- 

 of UM interesu inv Angular 



year no ship channel has 

 .' the East river and the 

 , Duyvel 



Mab bounds Manhattan i'-lnnd on'the 

 aftb. Tbi. tidal stream wan by nature onlv 

 he naage of small boats, and 

 wr tortuous in the westerly part of 

 >, it WM evident that contly 

 i nacasamry to make it available for 

 large craft Congress ts* years ago authorized 





theoon-trui tin <>f the canal, which was 01 

 .11 .Inne 17. The cost was to bo $2,700.<> 

 was to be 400 feet wide, with 16 feet 



| ami "2\ f.-el at high tiile. The appro- 



priation has not been exhausted, but ihe\\,.rk is 



not yet complete acconl in. u' <<> the i-ri-inal plans. 

 Tin- eanal lollows a < ur\<d rmir^e !' al'-uit 1 

 mile fnun (lie llul-ii to the Harlem, which is 

 naturally navigable. 

 by dredging, t" the l-'.a-t riser pr..pi-r. The 



difficulty was Mari 



at King's liridge, where a straiu'lit eui I.IHNI 

 feet long was made to avoid t he n.-it ural 

 of the creek. The approaches \ n thi- r> -k ciit- 

 ting were through meadows on either side ..Her- 

 ing no special difficulties. As lim-hed tin 

 has 15 feet depth at high water and ! ; 

 low water, except in the Marlile Hill cut. win-re 

 the full depth is provided. The remar 

 the line Can be readily dredged t.. the required 

 depth. One difficulty to be encountered in the 

 use of this canal is the number <>f bri-L-- 

 cross it. carrying the varinis railroads entering 



the city from the north and ea-t. S..n ' 



are high eimugh to admit, the passage of vessels 

 having masts or smokestacks of con-id.-rablr 

 hi-ight, and most of them permit the fn- 

 sage of barges. The opening of the cam 

 the occasion of a celebration, more than 100 ves- 

 sels taking part in the procession that passed 

 through the new channel. United Slat. 

 vessels were stationed in the Hnd^ni and in the 

 East river, off the outlets of 1 he canal, and fired 

 national salutes. On land a parade, military 

 ami civic, with strong detachments from the 

 regular army and the National Guard, an>: 

 oilieials representing the nation and the 



lent interest to the event. 



Amphibious \a> igat ion. Marine railroads 

 on which large boats can be drawn fr,,m one 

 water level to another are not uncommon, but 

 -anen " of ( 'openhairen i- t he piom-erof her 

 class, capable of self -pro nul si on on land ai 

 The inventor is a Swede, Ijector C. .!. M 

 and the vessel was built in Sweden. SI.. 

 feet long. Ji feet 6 inches beam, wit h a maximum 

 draught of :5 feet (i inches. She js capable of 

 carrying 70 pasv ^1 plies upon -.' 



P'-nhairen. the |-'ure So and the K.-iruu 

 SO. These lakes, which afford a favorite 

 sinu. ure separated by an isthmus about l.HKl 

 feet wile. Across tHis a track has been laid 

 with ordinary railroad iron, dese.-ndin- into the 

 water at either side by an easy gradient of 1 in 

 ."io. Funnel-shaped approaches are pi- 

 similar to those in American ferry slips but "ar- 

 rowing almost to the width of the boat over the 

 submerged rails Tie- - machinery 



is a so Her engine, the shaft of which is 



ted by beveled wheels with an axle run- 

 ning athwart ship near the bow and can 

 wlie,-ls protruding through the bottom of the 

 boat and adjusted so as to take t he t rack of t he 

 roadbed. These are more like rollers than 

 wheels b.-ingonly about 1* inches in diameter. 

 and not intended to attain or endure a IHL 

 of speed. Another similar pair of wheel- 

 vided near the >t.-rn. but these last are merely 

 carriers, not being fit ted with driving gear. The 

 M approaching the land, heads .-traiirht for 

 the slip, guided by the piles that form the aj>- 



