(UNO. 



until the forward wheels strike the rail. 

 r momentum start* h.-r up 



i: | - 



. 



wncai power. 1 00 crew 



nr nil (lu- way across the isih- 



de*rait 



I disconnecting device. The Uml 

 : about 950 fort am ii 



-{-..I h Maintained " '* A n 



,,i,,i. o 



,,.!,, ,,,lr. the I.. -i! Raw 



ng machinery I* disconnect.^, and 



.* is ieui. 



inusoaJly strong, to sustain the jar- 

 ablo in tranaportalion, but she has 

 ntt season, carrying aJto- 



iim-t motion ..f concrete 

 no means n. . n Ims experienced 

 erevivnl within aidi.-rt tin.,-. Thr 

 I eeonomi .m* appnnntU 



inriit. ha\ing lately 



eeartructed $ monolithk bridges over th.- \ii>\-r 

 Dtnebc, ii.-nr K. icbtenfttcin. The first of these 

 IMS single span of 164 f.t-t, ami a total width. 

 Ting 3 foot walk-* and a carriage * 



construction mar be noted. False work was 



-worp of the arch, and on 



this the concrete blocks were placed and allowed 



to harden. - h was available for one of 



thr abutmrnt*: th.- OtOCf uM OtUl bl atll -1 

 tuitural foundation by deep and 





.It excavation t 



' this, pike were driven at an 



> degrees toward the bridge cen- 



;iu hr 



*ater mark. Around and <-v.r thr 

 vas spread and care- 

 :>litiiinl | 



mi r<|iially IIIMIII thr 



*. Thr nr -h i* very flat. I ho 



M- truth of thVfiitan. nnd 



this arti- 



ttion stood eo firmly after the fahw 



at thr actual 

 Ic** than had !* M calculated. Tho 



iiikn.-^ ,.f the com ! t.- arch a: the center waj 



..f the arch, 

 ave weight and niat- 



rial. w,-r- mad.- h.-ll-.w in -J nriei --f an .' - -I 

 6 i: 



tie sides .f 



' 



f stone, t, rtland 



was used, in t! 



f Mnd and or -tone. Tho 



.ro and apiironchcB was $22.500. 



lie par for common laln-r I :its a day. 



The c.*t i* ..id ami footway 



:pirt,' anil 



Kitting and 



or bridp* rrfrrnil > 



tral pier 8 



. the con- 



n of whirh does not differ materially 



from the other, provision was made for espaa- 

 sfe. nd i.-r.v- . ... Inn ...,,:..- 



ami spring of the ar 



f. . i wide was shown at the Ann 



... lM.by th.- N..nh l',.rtl.,,,| . 



Tlir an h a. 



The percentage of cement to sand and broken 

 stone was very low 1 to 15 for the abutment* 

 d 1 'he arrh-but the tru. turr was 



i Trnw llrldgi-.-TheaVllher. 

 ate breaking down of a bridgr in order 

 it- limit- of rndumiu-r and observe the pcrol- 



biv never 

 thought of until cor 

 case of a truss bridge over the Bnunc 

 on thr Jura-Simi>lon Hallway, of > 

 The failurr <>f n -iti.ilar structure a few months 

 before, and the increasing traffic of the railroad. 

 1' -I th.- management to determine upon repine 

 .* bridge in question, and it was dajdsd 

 to see how much strain the old one would hear 

 after more titan twenty yean of service. The 

 trusses were to all appearance rather light in 



t long and 1 feet high- 

 Ices in height than . 



that gave way ami therefore somewhat Iras 

 al.lr. proUbU. t.. ,.|,d.,r,. a heavy Mrmir 

 April ;. <u)mg the bridge 



pm. i-ntt. i and rails being piled upon one half 

 roadway, from the middle of the sfn to 

 one end of the bridge. The work continued un- 

 til April 24. when the ft rain was reportrd t 

 ir foot of half the 



out. but the loading was continue.: 



increased to 0.400 pounds to the linear foot, and. 



-h small cracks, increasing in nnabfr.be- 



came visible at various points, it was not eppar* 



t who wat 



events where the break would finally ocru- 

 Miinutea past n llap 



that nobody could note 



initial break occurred. Itv a most anforti 

 oversight, no provision had been made for 



t..|;rai.hiiigll..- fall of th. br:.: k -r. n.^ht ra-.Iy 



haw been " 



done : and thr 

 elusion seems to be that the strwrtnre. to spile 

 Mippoeed untrust worthiness, held an ample 

 margin for Nifelt nearlv thrv Umrs what fts 



of the best railroads in thu country. The uaal 



tent of such a structure is to send acres* it f or 



mot ire*, and if it mdurr* a strain 



*} pounds to the linear f.-t of ndway. 



D within the rr^uirr. 



mentji of * 



The Jrddo Tnnm I 



coal mm- near llaxleton. !', . flooded by 

 the invasion of surface water, which < 



rapidly as to defv all efforts for > 



The works wrrv t.n., 



doned. but the topography of the neighboring 



country was such thai it was possible to drive 



a tunnel from Butler valley. 5 miles distant 

 beyond A mountain range, which thould up 

 the flooded mines. Work began in 1891. Two 



