m 



sb 



NEBBING, 



or practicable. Beside thin is a 

 SSMJMT rotapfW^I-ir j. ' -wn (4. an 



iipul ilblinns ami brut * ihnt 



sjd clriivvrs cnrnprr****! air under the n 



lewmler bveuTMrmi, al in the well and in the 

 Jtolhirii pine. When the oompressed air is 

 taMdM fthubbl* 



of the discharge pipe and lift* the water above 

 it as far * it .an by the combined force of ex- 

 and buoyancy. Another bubble forms 



It a* tli.- water ni*hc* in In-low bubble 



r one. end add* it* lifting effort. aasited 

 instantly by bubble number three; and - they 



toeVt7Mt^otw.taipiiiff*q. 



Pipe aiid expanding so rapidly that the 



dbaharn ai thr Kurface b apparently oontinu- 

 ll operation <>f what may almost be 

 natural law win mysterious so long as 

 pipes wen used, but working models 

 istrocted with gbss Pipe*, and the ex- 

 pleWloa of the phenomenon became evident at 

 once. The height to which water can be lifted 

 depend* tux n the depth to which thr Ml month 

 of the discharge pipe can be submerged. With 

 each an apparatus as has been described Dr. 

 Fbhtf hasDhed water several hundred f.-t. i.ut 

 he retard* 150 feet as the limit beyond whirl, it 

 b desirable to use a series of lifts one above t he 

 other, connected with a common pipe for fur- 

 " air. 



The great practical value <f this discovery has 

 Dean generally recognized only within a year or 

 two. Practically it overcomes the limitations of 

 the old-fashioned pump as defined by atmos- 

 pheric pressure, and does away altogether with 

 the direct lifting appliances necessary in the case 

 force pump. At Asbury Park, N. J., a 

 trial wa made in a 4-in< -I, well 570 feet deep, 

 which did not discharge naturally at th. .,- 

 thr air lift it discharged 178 gallons 



When applied to a 0-inch well near 

 which had a natural flow at the surface the 

 nearlv four fold, and the 

 Thus it is seen that 

 small power b available either 

 or any of the small motors used 

 purposes, or even hand power 

 air can be made largely to increase 

 the water supply, and, in fact, pp.'. id" running 

 water in localities where it has previously been 

 unknown except by the introduction of'costly 

 waterworks, PmtWbly the most available power 

 for thb purpose will | M -f..und in wmdmilN. which 

 ran he used to compress air into reservoirs con- 

 veniently located, whence its own elasti. it v will 

 i. 



While we are on the subject of comi 

 ". a device may be mentioned which is ex- 

 pected to bring the top stories of loft 



BXtingobfaers: 



-fore it has been necessary to provide 

 ' ' H.e highest 



i th* building. Thcae tanks have to be 

 ith water, and kept full, and in case of 



ratter the head pressure b not suffi- 

 flleM to thmw an effective stream. The new 



stream. The new 

 ^lnmi systei. 



a* been placed in several large bu 

 series of drams b provided, each 5 feet in diam- 



eler and f --nimble of resisting an in- 



! V.MM) pounds to the square inch. 

 A serviie pipe runs from the end drum to the 

 top of the building, with hose ami the nc. 

 applianeeton each Moor. Into these drum 

 pressed air 



ti.ity indefinitely, the attendant- in lin- 

 ing have nothing to do but turn on \ 



9( rful -I ream i- at once a\ailabl. 

 Tin-, it is calculated, will continue |,,r about 



. minute-, by which time the 

 iin-iit 'should be on hand, when the en-n 

 can be attached to the drum and the -upply of 

 water kept up as long as it is needed. 'I 



i- under-tood. i,\ (| u . 



ii-lcrwritcr- in Ne\\ \ 



\ Neu Sectional Side launch lock. 



launching of vessels, seagoing and oil,. 

 sidewise instead of endwise i- not un.mn 



the Great Lakes, and several permanent 



launching wa\- have been constru 

 first of thi- kind on the .Mi i ipj.i ri\. 

 few mill - I'dow St. Louis. It i- n-i-d mainly 

 for th- construction and repair of rivei 

 which are Mat-bottomed, seldom drawing more 

 than 4 feet of water, and of such \sidth that 

 ordinarily they do not m-ed to be shored up. 

 Steamers of 1,000 tons burden have I 

 on this dock, some of them MO feet !<: 

 feet wide, ami feet in depth of hold. 

 il -lope is formed of heavy timber 

 shod with in.n s inch.- wide and forming tracks 

 for the iron wheel; that support the ci 

 other wheels, running on each, side of th< 

 keep the cradle wheels on the tracks. At the 

 up|H-r end of the sloping wavs is a long iron ,-r 

 steel shaft running the full length of the dock, 

 and above this a counter-shaft with .-; 

 wheels carrying a heavy iron chain, which con- 

 nects with the cradles. The large chains known 

 as the carriers have links inches lot 



* iron. These follow the sides of th< 



extending under water and passing around pul- 

 leys at the lower edge of the framework. 

 the water is deep enough to float any river craft. 

 When a steamboat or "tin r < raft is't 

 the cradle is allowed to run down the wav 

 it b submerged to the required depth 

 the vessel is floated unon or over it, the -haft i- 

 ed. and the cradle emerges easily from the 

 carrying its load up the slope! Adjust- 

 ments are made to guard again-t any possibility 

 of unequal motion among the cradles when the 

 shaft is revolving, and it isfmind that the 

 of river steamers may be safely and cxpedr 

 handled by this machinery. 



I Iretriein lor i;ie\ ; ,le,| lloa.l-. ' 

 has taken the lead in the application 

 tricity as a motive power on the elevate.: 

 A number of the*- lines were con-l rue-ted 

 the ( 'olumbian Kx posit ion. and did excel lenl 

 ice with ordinary steam rolling stork durii 

 crowded period. "Since then they ha\> 

 a loss, and the electric appliance- have been intro- 

 duced partly with a view to dirnini-h CM 

 partly to attain higher s|K?ed. and partly to [ 

 of much of the du-t and noi-e incident to 



.. The tracks in use for the electric 

 motors are laid with 00-pound T-raii 

 securely bonded to the supporting -trueti. 

 third or trolley rail is a 45-pound T-rail placed 





