.IAPAN. 



as well a* Antolo, and Adua WM also threatened, 

 Gen. Bamiien. the Italian commandem 

 ordered all the force* . Adigrat, where 



he established hi* headquarters. 



The Abyssinian army that entered Tigro 

 numbered at least 70,000 men. commanded by 

 Ka Mangaacia and Makon. ... The lattor had 

 nhortlv before, as a nine, made overtures of peace 



;;. .. tfoJ IN::,- MM* 



The Government asked for and received an 



immediate credit of 7,000,000 lire and begsj 



U) embark troops for Afr. 

 dcred the forces at And. 



upon Adigrat. Makallu and Antalo. as well 



Adua, were besieged by the Al 



Government promised t'<> limit it's d 



the campaign to 10,000,0" 



The British Goveramenl refused pen 



land Italian troops at Zeila. on : 

 coast, the nearest point to Mem 



.IVI'VY i nst it titional monarchy occupy- 

 ing the loin: chain f islands bet 

 ctuitka and the Philippines. Bv the treaty be- 

 tween Spain and Japan, ratified in Tokio Aug. 

 7, 1805, the line of demarcation was fixed at the 

 line parallel to a degree of latitude pa-:n- 

 through the middle of the navigable part of the 

 i; . . hai m ',. >pain declares that it will 

 aim to the islands Iving to the north 

 and northeast of this line, and Japan promises 

 me islands to the south and 

 southeast of this line. No part of the Asian 

 continent proper belongs to Japan. The treaty 

 Sined at I'ekin. V r< 1 1, 1895, by Tadasu and 

 Tig-Chang specified that on the payment 

 of 30.000,000 Kuning taels Japan would retro- 

 cede to China, and within three months evacuate, 

 the Liao-Tung peninsula. The Emperor, Mutsu- 

 ; -ace man), was born Nov. 3, 1852, and the 

 heir apparent. Voshihito, of one of the imperial 

 . ::i. 1^77. The Kmpn-ss. Ha- 

 ruko, born May 28, 1850, was married Feb. 3, 

 1869. The title of Mikado is now popularly 

 obsolete. In the dynastic line, the oldest in the 

 world, Mutsuhito is recognized as the one hun- 

 dred and twenty-second in descent from the sun- 

 goddess. Officially the empire began with Jimmu, 

 B. c. 660. In the lawfully published list of por- 

 traits, 1895, besides the 9 females, 2 shorn Bud- 

 dhist monks, warriors in ann, and children who 

 were puppets (showing the vicissitudes of Jap- 

 politics), the six - false " or " northern " 



emperors of the rival dynasty in the civil wars 

 of i:t36-*92 are now presented. Modern crit i< al 

 science rejects the first seventeen names in the 

 list, and recognizes the credibility of Japanese 

 history from about 400 A. D. The Kmp< r <>r i- 

 sole executive, but is advised by a Cabinet made 

 up of the beads of 10 departments, presided over 

 by a Minister President, and consults with the 

 Privy Council, composed of 20 statesmen of 

 rank and experience. 



OvftnuBent. The Constitution, proclaimed 

 Feb. 11, 1880, is theor. -tj, -ally the gift of the 

 sovereign to his people. It makes the ministers 

 of stale responsible to the Emperor, and not to 

 the Diet. Only a comparatively small i. 

 of the national expenses is under the control of 

 th two booses: the great bulk of appropriations 

 in the budget, being - fixed bv law/ can not be 

 IgtMncftd by legislation. The ends sought by 

 the various progressive parties is to limit bv de- 

 pees the imperial prerogative, control the whole 

 bodpLmake the Cabinet ministers responsible 

 to the Diet, enlarge the franchise, and terminate 



r the practical monopoly ,,f ; 

 and emolument held sine,- !*'* by men 

 mainly fr-m the two clan^ "f SaNun 

 Choshiu in a word, to nj-pn. 



\meriean models of government 

 session of the Diet opened in '!'! 

 1 *!:>. A ft er six months of negotiat 

 tip- Liberal or opposition party an-: 



\ernment leaders, issuing in pi 

 the latter of long-contemplated reforms 

 app-al to the country if defeated in tl, 

 nnion between the twosets of statesmen I, 

 made. Government by party i-thu* inn- 

 in Japan. In the election of > [,:. 1. 1 -- 

 of 460,113 electors, or 11 to every I.IHMI 

 itants, 392,0:^6 voted, or 85 oer cent, of 1 1. 

 number for 300 representatives in . 

 iistricts. On Dec. 31, 181)4. the nun 

 was 599, and of persons dec 

 whom 1,789 were foreigners. Of d- 

 ceived from foreign governments by Japanett 

 there were 959. There are now <,: 

 whom 120 have been made since 1>" 

 majority being Satsuma and ('I K. shin men. Sinr* 

 the war with China 2 \ Vomits and 

 with allowances to each person from H 

 list of 20,000 and 10,000 yen rcspec 

 been created. The pension allowance to 1 

 families of those who lost their lives dm 

 late war is 8 sen (about 7 cents) per di> m. ' 

 standard of value is the silver yen (w 



. in which all st a tcments concern i ng money 

 in this article are expressed. 



Population. The annual c< t 

 in December and published in detail di;- 

 the next year. Statistics since i 

 fave a total of 33,110,825 souls, show that Janto 

 has gained over 8,000,000 in p.. pi. 

 the old immoral, economic, and 

 checks on natural human increase have I 

 moved. The average annual enlar _ 

 census figures is not far from half a n. 

 pressure of population upon the f< 

 relievable by the coloni/ation t f V.-/ 

 mosa. both fertile and thinly peopled 

 < >n Dec. 81, 1894, the enumefat 

 n>Ku><r_> natives, of whom 'Jl.l: 

 males and 20,668,804 were f < ; 

 7,883,369 houses. In the three social ran! 

 8,884 nob]. hizoku or 



89,766,84" 



households numberinp <;< >7. i::j. 1 50. ar 

 respectively. Of the unregistered p 

 were unadopted foundlings and 1.214 pr 

 There were 251,146 marriages and 112,362 di- 



