176 



JAPAN. 



Capital. 143.197.532 ten; mileage, 3,178; open 

 f..r traffic. 2.131 mile*. Floods, jtorms, and 

 earthquake* cau*e much annual loss. 



IMIMM in IHU3 had 17,209 

 ami 587.490 boats in i... nh 



,- vessels, with a tonnage <>f 



in Kuropean form, and 680 steamer-. <.f 



so horae power, lu .lul 



within thirty day*. 87 ah IDS, of 132.968-.Vi to,,,. 

 nKMtlv steamers and over .<><>" to,,s burden, had 

 been bought. Japan's normal demand, however, 

 is for steamers oTfrom 200 to I.IMM. t..ns. In 

 Mar. 1W>. there was a total of 508 vessels of 

 modem ImiM and 814.512 Urns l.urden. ..\MI.-.| 

 wholly by Japanese. In tin- exclusion of mari- 

 time enterprise following the war direct tndi 

 the United States at Tucoma has been 

 opened. The Nippon Yusen Kaisha made a 

 pr.-tit of 3,500.000 yen by chartering lUi 

 mi'i tran|ioru to the Government during the 

 war. and have set aside 8,500.000 \.-n fur main- 

 taining a line to Europe with 5 first-class ves- 

 sels of 5.000 to 6.00U i In 1VM there 

 wars 716 telegraph offices wit h 10.282-08 miles of 

 wire in Japan, over which 6,444,41. 

 were sent, while 52,865 international dispatches 

 were received and 58,781 forwarded, of tele- 

 phone stations there were 28, most of the lines 

 being between Tokio and Yokohama an. I Kioto 

 and Osaka. From the 3,818 post offices were 

 sent, and over the 100,000 miles of land uixl 

 routes were carried 821.471,080 articles, showing 

 an increase of 15*5 per cent, over the total of 

 1894. ( >f t his increase. 28-2 percent, was in com- 

 mercial samples, 18*7 in postal cards, newspapers 

 12*1, and letters 11*8. In international mail mat- 

 ter, 1.583,509nackages were received and l.i.VV 



Formoam. The treaty of Shimonoseki stipu- 

 lated that at th.- end of two months the Chi- 

 nees Government should Iran for Formosa to the 

 flag and Crown of Japan. I occu- 



. a board of administration wn- formed 

 in Tokio on a purely civil basis, the soldiery to 

 be need chiefly in overcoming the savage abo- 

 rigines. On the contrary, th. Ilakkas, Black 

 Flags, and Pepehoans or semicivili/.ed i 

 rose in arms, organized by Liu. ,, May 24 a 

 fleet of 14 transports carried the Imperial Graaidi 

 from Port Arthur to Keelung. Four months of 

 steady fighting Ixjjjan, and re-enforcements were 

 neoessary. making a total of 50,000 troops. 

 These, under the command of Li.-ut.-<;,-n. Oshi- 

 ma. the hero of Ping- Yang, penetrated the 

 mountain fastnesses and bamboo forests, and 

 towed or stormed the walled towns. K 

 and Tamsui were first occupied, and the . 

 era end of the island pacified before the summer 

 rain*. Despite the intense heat, fever, guerrillas, 

 and rainstorms steady advance was made sout h- 

 ward U> Tek-cham. Chung-hua, Kagi, and Tai- 

 n some of the battles as many as 10,000 

 -"i.-aged, the resintance being more 

 desperaU than in Manchuria. Th. final 

 I Ua army a made at Pang-liau. near whi.-h 



to *?"?? ***** whfch ha<1 ** en actively co- 

 g with the troops during the summer. 

 w able to land late in September a force 

 nrnpHled the unconditional surrender . f 

 ftioese insurgents. Their leader. Liu. es- 

 caped to China, and, except a few later skir- 



mi>hes \\itli n-lu-N in iimlc-an.: 



-tri'liglmld-. tin- \\holr i>lainl \\a> ; 

 In I", tli killed and \s<>undrd . 

 .lit and in\alidi>in the Japain 



in. n in all services, lost 

 mm in the Formosun than in the I 

 .nipaign-. in which : 

 were orcu|>ied. : the IV- 



were first tM-cnpicd l\ .lai 

 thirteenth and durii:. 

 ries,and somei-f the current g. 

 are but ('hin.-r [>r.>uuneiati<>ns of those 

 Japanese heroes. In ls!M the total : 

 at the 4 ..p. n p<>rtx ainoiinted to 

 Contracts have I.e.-n given for telegraph 

 ways, and a sulunanne caM 

 tnosawith Hondo and Tokio. The < -hi- : 

 nets of the i-land are gold. -iiL r ;ir. ri.-e. ti 

 phor. drui:>.. -pice-, and timl.er in \ ;i 



I \entx ,,i L896. The chief mil: 



of th 



were the winter campaign- in .Manchm 



the summer occupation ,f Funiiu-ji. Afl 



fall of Port Arthur the na . 



foran attack mi \\ ei- 1 lai-\^ 



i. 'Jii. and the Chinese -hip-aii'i 

 into the hands of the .Japanese. I .-!.. Id. 

 Arisuga-\sa-iio-.Mi\a. undr ..f the .Mik;e 

 coiiimandcr-in-chief of the arm\.died .1 

 and was succeeded by I'm, 

 fresh eipedition sailed from 1 1 

 The members of the first Chinese pea 

 bassy arrived at Kobe Jan. oil, hut \\ 

 cially received, their powers to treat 

 ficicnt. and they returned home I 

 cruiser M Suma-kan" was launch 

 which time also M. Boissonade, for i went 

 past engaged in codifying the lau 

 returned to France. Li-llung-Clu 

 plenipotentiary, arrived at Shimon- 

 to begin peace negotiations, which 

 influenced in favor of China by ti 

 made upon his life Feb. 24. The assays 

 one of the fanatical young pair 

 who atxmnd in m.-i-'-rn .lapan. The-- half-eW 

 cated persons presume to li<tat. pi-ljcy 

 inet ministers, endanger the national reput a 1 : n. 

 and disarrange grave business of state by thv 

 easy and fr. rt t.. vi.ili-nce and n 



Viscount Inouye Ki. Minister nf Kdncati- 

 long " t he Kmpemr's pen." was Imri' 

 Armistice was declared March :',(. t 

 to the northern parts of China, but 

 until May 8, or the end of the war. < in 

 the fourth national exhibit ion opened at Ki< 

 It lasted six months, and include. 1 the gr:iii<i 

 celebration of the eleven-hundredth ai 

 sary of the founding of the city. April 

 expedition sailed for the e.,n.|iie-t of 

 Caooresand Formosa. The treaty of p.; 

 signed April 17, and the ratifxatj. 

 at Chefoo Mav 8. The imperial 

 nouncing conditions of peace was i 

 -,'1. T .- nnpo|.ular with tl 



newspapers were suspended and man 

 severely purged by the ce: 

 and >Uy 5. Under pressure 

 many, and France. Japan yielded posse- 

 thc Li ao -Tung peninsula, receiving i 

 demnity from China instead. The Kmp- 



dniu April -J7. after a stay of two hundred 



