181 



MADAGASCAR. 



troop* was not as bad as had been expected ; the 

 proportion of sick was 10 per cent. They were 

 tarnished with comforts by patriotic citi/- 

 home. The volatile Uoras regained thru 

 when t he French ceased to ad 

 and were cheered bv imaginat ,nU of 



es, "n .1 une 20 a force of 8,000 Hovas at- 

 tacked the 1 .(posts at Tsarasaotra, and 

 were repel 1* iSletzinger then ordered an 

 : -in. -ii. held l>y HMKX) men, on 

 the Beritzoka. The French troops attacked them 

 in front, mowing down their ranks with the 

 fire of the Maxim guns and n -peat ing niles, and 

 when they fled in terror before the pursuing cav- 

 alry on July 1. in the second battle, their n 

 was cut off by a large body of black troops win. h 

 had outflanked them and occupied the roads. 

 Some escaped into the mountains, only to ; 

 of starvation and exposure, for, according to their 

 custom, they went into battle naked, leaving their 

 white lambcu in their tents, which, with all their 

 guns, ammunition, and stores, fell into the hands 

 of the victors. The French losses consisted of 

 '2 killed and 15 wounded. The road was built 

 ahead, and in August the French advam 

 mini tiegan its march. On Aug. i:t the 1 

 occupied Malatsy, which the Hovas evacuated at 

 the approach of the enemy. (Jen. Raimanjalahy, 

 va commandcr-in-chief, complained that 

 - u ran away whenever one or two were 

 killed. They deserted to the French in ever-in- 

 creasing numbers. The Hova army intrenched 

 Iriba was 12,000 strong. Gen. Voyron's 

 brigade attacked Andriba on Aug. 21. The 

 Hovas were so demoralized by the artillery fire 

 that they abandoned their 6 fortified posts and 

 numerous encampments without waiting to en- 

 ounter the infantry. The French lost 1 Mala- 

 gasy soldier. At Andriba, 150 miles from Ma- 

 junga and half way to Antananarivo, Gen. Du- 

 chesne waited till he collected enough provisions 

 and ammunition for a flying column, to be sent 

 over the mountains to take the capital. On Sept. 

 15 a French column bv a forced march surprised 

 6.000 Hovas in the Tsfnainondry defile and cap- 

 tured their position. The flying column found 

 the pass in the Ambohimena mountains barred 

 by toe entire Hova force and 30 guns. Deliver- 

 ing his attack unexpectedly on Sept. 19. Gen. 

 Voyron completely routed the Hovas and cap- 

 tured Antoby. The Hovas offered a feigned re- 

 sistance only in the A n karat r a mountains, which 

 the French crossed on Sept 28. On Sept. 27 

 they easily dislodged the Hovas at Lavohitra by 

 a rrconnotssance. The road, 200 kilometres in 

 length, terminating at the entrance of the plain 

 of Imcrina. was completed before the end of 

 August, The flying column of 5.000 men carried 

 nnly enough provisions to reach Antananarivo. 

 The deaths up to this time had numbered about 

 SjOOO, nearly equally divided between Europeans 

 and the native troops and coolies. Scarce 50 

 died in battle or of wounds. About 7.000 per- 

 OM were treated in hospitals, and those who 

 succumbed were mostly French soldiers under 

 twenty-five years of age and coolies. The older 

 men and the Algerian troops resisted the en- 

 demic diseases or recovered quickly. 



From Arohatoarsns the Hovas made several 

 futile attempt* to check the invaders, but the 

 French artillery was so well served that they did 



not stand, either behind earthwork 

 open. Their last and most spirited ctT 

 the final defense of the capital city. The FreqB 

 captured the city by a brilliant attack, in wUB 

 they lost onlv 7 killed and 51 wound. <;. . n >,[,! 

 RO, the day thai li.-n. Du< -hesne had fixed sefflj 



I is before. 

 Feral or iv... , . , i, comn 



ktions with the Hova QoAJj 



'. 1. The t, rni- a-:- 10n V1 



were that tin- t^uet n was to r< niinue to rettU 



under a rigorous l-'ivnch coin ml. '1 

 ministrative organi/.al ion throughout the. iilsB| 

 would be maintained under t! 



h oilicials. Tin- Prime Mm. 

 ilcd. Gen. Metdnger was nominated (iova^H 

 of Antananarivo. The native army was Bl 

 armed and replaced by French garrisons. TU 



b assamed charge of the \ ollect- 



ed the customs and the taxes. T) 

 Madagascar in the tl ;<<<! the Fra 



i !.. I'l'h'h !; | ui>ii< acce 

 all the consequences of such pr '''* 



reserved the right to maintain military forces OP 

 the island, and the French resident general if 

 to control the internal government of the iftbfl 

 The Hova Government is not allowed tocon^ 

 loans without the authori/ation of I-' ranee, 'm 

 Frenc ment assumed the financial re- 



sponsibilit ies that Madagascar had previosn 

 incurred and promised to assist in theconve^ 

 of the loan of 1886, and also ag x wfl 



out delay the limits of the French territory < 

 Diego Suarcz, the uncertainty of which hadH 

 to disputes and in part caused the 1 



The Waller Case. John Langston v 

 formerlv United States consul at Tamatave. wa 

 arrested on March 6, 1895, for sending letters on. 

 of Tamatave without submit t in*; t IK in t o t he mil 

 itary authorities f<.r examinat :ing l< 



the regulations, and for attempt in^ to conveiM 

 formation to the enemy of the m 

 French troops. He was tried by curt-mafl( 

 on March is and sentenced to twen 1 

 prisomnent for high treason in holding a OM 

 destine correspondence with the enemy. 

 Waller was sent to France and confined inCtt 

 vaux prison. The United States ambas- 

 Paris requested the French authorities 

 him with a copy of the proceed ings of the 

 martial. Mr. Waller is a colored citi/en 

 I'nited States, formerly resident in 

 Kan., who had obtained from 

 merit in April, 1894, a grant of 250 square ^H 

 of rubber forest in the vicinity of Fort DaupH 

 The French resident contested at the t 

 validity of tliis concession. All lii> rights wor 

 abrogated by his sentence. The l-'r.-nch ' 

 ment declined to furnish a record of the j 

 ings of the trial as a matter of rijrht. i 

 willing to do so as an act of , . 

 United States Govern ment. A full 

 obtained till autumn, when it was iran-mitt' 

 to Washington. The proceedings w. re f urul 

 have been regular and the evi.lencc MI Hi- 

 cording to French law. 

 1 The American gunboat " CaM 

 rived at Tamatave on June 5 for the purfM 

 inquiring into the Waller case, omitted I 

 the French flag, on the ground that the 

 States had never recognized the French 



