OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (KEMTOWSET-LOVBN.) 



were brought to a 

 The railroads of Egypt were 

 : i vat ion of sugar WM intr- 

 dtted'on the Khedive', esuu-s at enormous 

 A tfee canals were improved nti.l nralMptitd Port* 

 Alexandria and Sues. Imiiail also built 

 palace*, maintained a SUJHT- 



ministers while preserving tho dual contn>! 



many sumptuous 

 and ballfi, and fe 



and feasted and run-ruined every person 



thai visited Egypt. B very Enron 



AUrtr*! an enterprise in Egypt OOVH rely on the tinan 

 cialai-: md himself pecuniarily 



masrd When Ismail ascended the throne he 

 that Kenlinand de Lessens had secured con- 



-.e embarrassing and dangtr 

 the state. To rectify his predecessor's mistake he 

 was willing to pay heavily, and ho generously re- 

 - naaOonto Napoleon Ml. 



who feed the award at 100,000,000 francs. The 



.. ; ' ..: dan.-, r that th.-huild- 



ing of the Sues Canal involved. If he could have 

 done so safi .Id have canceled the conces- 



sion ; but since he could not withdraw, he worked 

 amlously to make the canal a success, relying on the 

 friendship of the French to av, rt evil consequences, 

 and this friendship he endeavored always to 

 at the cost of heavy pecuniary sacrifices. I 

 Pasha, after obtaining in 1866 the title of Kh.-d.-vi - 

 n of sovereignty, increased his: 

 army and acquired a fleet Hut this * x.itcd the 

 j*lou rt. . which, in 1870, with the sup- 



port of the great powers, required him to deliver up 

 the armor-clad*. In 1868, when Ismail was received 

 as a fellow-sovereign at the European courts, and 

 afterward entertained, with regal pomp and splendor. 

 the French Empress and the Praaaian Crown Prince 

 at the opening of the Suez Canal, h.- reached the 

 of his glory, but not the summit <>f his arnbi- 

 In 1*73 he distributed an immense sum in 

 bribes among the dignitaries of Stamboul, to obtain a 

 new firman, which transformed Kiry pt into a j-rac- 

 tically independent tributary state, requiring only an 

 acknowledgment of the suzerainty of the Sultan'and 

 military aid incase of war. He then set about the 

 ' nofthe8oudan,conqucringl)arfurinl874, 

 ; in a campaign against Abyssinia. Ismail 

 . , were already embarrassed in their finances. 

 From the first the international money lenders had 

 him In their power. With railroads, harbor*, irriga- 

 tion works, sugar mills, armaments, and palaces half 

 finished. snd innumerable in-i j. rises un.ler 



r which he had made himself responsible, he 

 could only keep things going by submitting to ex- 



:..-..._. .... r -, !.!.:.", . v.d 



only a fraction of their/ace value, and renewing loans 

 with others of longer term, with 86 per cent com] * ,u nd 

 interest added. The productive and tax; 

 powers of the c. .aaed with remarkahle 



rapidity, owing to his improvements, but did not keep 

 pace wish the debts that were thus multiplied on 

 valent consideration being 

 Khedive waa compelled to sell to 

 .000, with which 



In 1876 default was made n 



. 



paper without any 

 aSten. In 1874 U 



of the English and French bondholder*, 

 l ot a plan of financial reform to which 

 tresd. Anoth.r English financial 

 TJr* W|U ^ havio * Indoeedlemail t< 



sj js * 



y of Finance with Xubar Pasha, 

 /. Works 



eansmnenee of Om a military revolt 

 *7. and Umail. who was sus- 

 V iatfsfineiineetSon, carried out a 



KWXttFS^Z* 1 



great powers thereupon, through th.-ir o.nsn 

 erals, demanded the abdication <>f Uma 

 refused to resign at Uu-ir hi. 1.1m-. hut Mihn 

 be formally deposed bv o, " h< n th 



nnch-r pressure from England m 

 duccd to issue the decree. On .inn.- ..;, i :.. 

 I'asha fonnally aUli. atl in 



.Inly 1 Jn- K-ll h 11.- Knilod 



-tartni.'|.lr. hut wo* ' 



Hi- livi-d in Naplt-.s until politicians raised an .: r\ 

 against lii- \-\\\z allowed t kc> p u I... 



.iU" a .nlinrt tinif. ati'i 

 to Constantino].!. 

 maindiT o|' hi.H lif.- \\itlnmt holdil 

 with tlu- Sultan, und n-ally int-rii 

 (iovrniiin-nt. 



Krsttowiky. M.. a Ku. . l-'-ni in r 



miim-nt oi Ki-tV in ls-jo : ,li,.,i i n Warsaw i 

 nuiry. 1 s '. 1 "'. B tssiao am, 



ot!i-i-r of I hhm-. tir-t in the line and afterward 

 guard. iMirinu' the Huf.!>-Turki>h \N :r 

 tachod to the general staff as ( 

 the most esteemed novels, manv of \\ ln< h h;. 

 translated into Fr> \ <-. 



menseh- r. " : * I b Bphyu 

 Troupeau do Pan ^ous lea Chataii;' 



pea 



Dioblotin"; My Uncle BujanofT ; und M..,, 

 Ridfl 



Lauth. Frans Josef, n < 



iied in Muni.-h. K.-h. 11. I- 

 was a professor in tin- l'niver>ity "t Mun 

 < ..n-. rvator of the Egyptian coll- 

 important published work was "Man. 

 Turiner Konigspopyru-. }'. 

 hurt <lcr Minerva anf <h-r ( 'o-jiiariM-l 

 'I>:i- i.T!nani-.-he Kunen-Fudark " ; " Da-* 1 

 sal- Alphabet auf U-r (irundlage des lid 

 Sy>t<-m> :]..-/ ...'.aques de I) M .- 



der Khraer. aus /wei I'apvrusurku! 

 t<prit-al Reanlta of Egyptolog] <'hrt> 



nolo L 'ie "; Homer nfi-l 



\"rx.-it ";" MoHCH-HoaarHyilhos-Salichiw"; an 

 rian.-lii -St. 

 Looksr.LsmTMon Frederick, an !'.' 



<;n-en\vich in 1^-Jl; <lied in 1,'owfant. - 



80, 18H5. Id- wa.- a ...n of K-lward Huk< I kcr, 



who founded th 



pital, and was for some years prici* 



Admiralty. Anidn L f writers fit' i-<r* ./ 



ranka among tin- tir>t.stanlintr in inu<-h 



latiiin t> hi- vati.n tliat Mackworth 1'rsud 



Stood to his. His tu<-h is tin- lit'litt-st JIOSH'I! 



his humor IH-V.T I.e.-omes flippant. Am / hi- 



poems : i \ N inh'Dt." " A' (I.T^iri 



A Human Sku 1 , . l ** 



Houscmai<l." It has l>een well said of him t! 

 has set small talk to music, and so ;,.: 

 never checks the How 



. as a si-ter of the late Karl <>f K 

 second wife a daughter fit' Sir Curt . AflFJ 



the death of liis t'atlier-in-law Mr. !.-.< ) 

 name LampHm to his own. Hi- j-uhlislied w. 

 dude I*70K 



..ntiarum" .editnl, !> A-rk' 



. Ifff), 



Loven. Bvem a SwedMi naturalist, horn in 

 in IHM-.I; di.-d ti L895. II. 



son of the Mayor of Stockholm, and HINT ta. 

 degree at Lund he wi nt to p,. rlin 

 lectures on natural history. H-turnin_- 

 he devoted him^clt'to stu<lyinL' the maritime : 

 the coasts of 

 and the llaltie. He hi .-ainc a prof. 



! ,-cum fit' Natural Hi.-' 

 holm in 1-41. Amoritr his nurriep. .- sci<-ntiti 



rs ore the follo\\ 

 " < Jimpanularia and >\ nc... 



>.rnt Animals" C Development of Lamelli 



hranchiatcs" (1848); "(.ladal Marine Cm 



pean 



(1848) 

 (1862); "Portulesia" (1878); Echinoidea* 1 



