PHYSIOLOGY. 



bat been examined by Harburjrrr. who find- that 

 it converts March int.. Mipir much more slowly 

 but * ilivnry. jmi 



totsstlnsl f i HIM nl Its activity, accord u 

 AbeJonsand <*. IliAnmVa, differ* in different ani- 

 mal* and A( different agr*. Baibm r namc- 

 it glvtw. a ferment hi h ha- hitherto been 

 found only in plant*. 



The investigations of Dr. M. K- . In,.,-. of Tula- 

 Ion. on the action of tea II|N.M the di- 

 festive organs wet* carried on with te-t lui.e-. 

 a glyerml ' |N.|in was used as 



Ifasdiastivt flui<l and beef nber and albumen 



a* the aliment From the result- of the . 

 menU, which are described in detail, the author 

 is fed to the opinion that thetnnnic acid is not 



MiriMii ap . tardily of di- 



>'. but the injury is caused by some of the 

 lest soluble extractive matters; al-o that the 

 action of tea is not so injurious a> SOMIC writers 

 think it is. The character of the a< ti- n depends 

 greatly on the method of infusing. Loii^-in- 

 fused teas - t sosoe sobstanoe, piob- 



aly an alkaloid, that has an inhibitory action 



' nerves of the stomach, 

 (tlandular System. A secreting organ is 

 defined by Edward A. Schafer as one which 

 separates certain materials from the blood and 

 pours them out again, sometimes after effecting 

 changes of some sort upon them, usually upon 

 external surfaces, or at least upon surfaces which 

 are connected with the exterior. There are, 

 however, some secreted materials that are not 

 poured out upon an external surface, but are 

 return- ' 1. These may be termed 



i*l secretions, and they are of no less im- 

 portance than the ordinary or external secre- 

 tions. The name of " ductless glands " has been 

 applied to those secreting organs which have 

 been believed to furnish only internal secre- 

 tions. Such secretions are, however, furnished 

 to a greater or less extent by some of the ordi- 

 nary glands, and bv other parts of the body. 

 Thus the liver and the pancreas are as esscnt ial 

 -tue of the internal secretions which 

 they furnish to the blood as by their external 

 secret Jona. and the entire removal of either 

 death, which is due to the removal of the 



influence they exert upon the metabolism of the 

 body by the loss of their internal secretions. 

 So too does the entire removal of the kidney : 



fe is sustained if a small port 

 kidney substance is left This is true also of 

 the pancreas, the internal secret ion of which has 

 been found to prevent the excessive formation 

 of aufar in the blood and the urine. The fun, - 

 Uoos of the thyroid gland are still un 

 mined, but facts are - which 



i \n pr-.vr that it yields an internal - 



1 purpose within the 



. and that the effects thm follow thyn.i- 

 *ny or removal of the gland altering the 

 w exchanges so that the animal deprived 

 it ean no l^err react to changes of tempera- 

 pmhahly due to the loss of that secre- 

 The pituitary body supplies an int. 

 km which causes contraction of the heart's 



anprarenal bodies have been the 

 perimei,U by Dr. Schlfer ,,d Ir. 

 two years, the results of which are 

 to Slsow conclusively that the medulla 



of the -u| rannal cap-ule contain- a dia 

 lie principle, soluble in water, and ; 

 boiling for a short tune. \\hj 

 .verful physiological action ni 

 muscular sy-lem in general, but especial! 

 keleta'l muscles, the muscular wall 

 ami the muscular wall 

 amount of act ion i 



fested upn -'.me of tli. n H,,. 



bulb, especially the cardio-inliibi: 

 ami to a -mall extent upon th< 

 ter. These internal - 

 adds, have to be definitely rrrkoiird will, 

 lan. \\ liile at the same time t he 1 1 

 ti-i will be able to avail him-elf of tic 

 principles which they contain, and in 

 cases to use e\ internally 



glands in place of the hitherto moi. 

 employed vegetable medicamenls. 



rn has communicated 

 Physiological 8< Merlin the re- 



his" nbservalions on the effect of \ 

 peratnre- ..n tin- -ecreti-.n of -weat. 1! 

 periments were made upon cat- 

 the secretion of sweat at low tempera! UP . 

 -weat L'land- were kept at the tempera! in 

 80 C.) im-t favorable to the secretion, ui 

 animal's body was cooled by \\ 



.n \\a- obtained as a result 

 notwithstanding the cooling of t In- 

 tuit hor also gave account of expel"!' 

 with a view to te-tin^ Prof. (Jriit /tier's asser- 

 tion that heat acts only on cenlripet.. 

 vosomotor nerves 1'ir affe.-i n, 



centrifugal ner\< -. ( 'atvfully ob-er 

 experimental condition- de-'-n'bed 1 

 he had found that the action of : 

 seiaiic nerve lead- toac>pioux ,.,.,. n .j ;,, ,,f 

 on the cat's paws, that is to say. stimulat' 

 t ri fu^al nerves. 



The active principle of the thyroid ^la: 

 been further experimented u: 

 miind Pr&nkel, who, precipitating 

 nous Ixxlies from the extract with 

 found that the virtue resided in the filtrate. 

 This was then chemically examined, \\hei 

 s<.lution in alcohol ami addition <-f ether 

 teii-ely hygroscopic body was obtaii 

 in water and alcohol, the watery solution )ia\- 

 inga neutral or slightly alkaline' reaction, 

 empirical formula has been calciilat. 

 Ni<> t . and the sub-tam-c is provisionally i 

 "thyreo-antitoxin." Sufficient time 

 elapsed to establish any definite r> 

 investigations clinically marie with thi- 

 hr. Krankel ha- failed 'to find the fall of 

 pressure demon-trated by I Ir. Sdi;ifi r n; 



' 'ii- injection of thyroid ext r 

 it ion of the pul-e rate was well n 

 The author al-o found that the 



fioisoned by mu-carin which had 

 to beat could again be brought to .-i 

 pin- on them a few drop- of the I 

 toxin. In animals, too, after the thyroid 

 had been extirpated and convul-j. : 

 symptoms had en-m-d. temporary r- 

 : subcutaneous injections of a 

 watery soluti* m of the remedy. Tl 

 merits njjrcc with tli 



with injection^ of thyroid jui- . . Ir. i 

 maintains, therefore, that he ha 'rated 





