IMIVS101. 



the iris or the ciliary processes, to increase 



; r fibers, and to change in the 

 hydrostatic pressure in the anterior chamber. 



linen advances his own theory, which he 

 . , .- - IM und< rsM i from tli.- follow- 



.si nit ion : An elaMic ball is to be grasped 

 with both hands. ,he pt together. 



The 10 flnpr- are then In-nt in so as to be ap- 

 plied to the ball along a lim- that, if the ball rep- 

 resented the earth, would correspond to the arc- 

 [j ; .. H .;. i, noi nads with the 

 tips of the fingers the free part of the ball will 

 bulge forward! X-w the finger tips represent 

 the ciliary processes and circular fiben of the 

 ciliary mu- ilmi of the hands the me- 



ridional fibers of the .-iliary muscle, and the tw. 

 wrists the optic m-rve. The anatomical rela- 

 tions, he contends, correspond completely to his 

 tbeorv for the anterior eapsole. The sonular 

 fiben and the retina form an investment to the 

 vitreous humor ami to the lens that are quite 

 analogous to the elastic ball. The fiben of the 

 1 choroid lie on the outside of 

 the investment just as the palms of the hand are 

 external to the elastic ball, an d theciliary pro- 

 cesses form a similar groove, and exert the same 

 kind of pressure as the tips of the fingers in the 

 above illustration. The depression caused by the 

 riliary process is always slight, never exceeding 

 1 milliim 



invisibility of infra-red light is explained 



:>a and Jansfen on the ground that the 

 humors of the eye are opaoue to it ; by Tymlall, 

 Engelmann. and others, because the light is 

 incapable of exciting the retina: while H.-ltn- 

 holtz supposed that the strong absorption suf- 

 fered by the infra-red rays in their passage 

 through the eye was sufficient to account for it. 



all observers have found that the rays are 

 strongly absorbed in the eye. II err Aschkinass 

 has recently shown, as the result of experiments 

 made upon thin layers of the humors of an ox 

 eye and! a human eye. that there is no sudden 

 increase of absorption beyond the red end of the 

 spectrum, and that the absorptive powers of the 

 various media of the eve are practically t he same 

 as those of water; and the experiments indicate 

 that a large proportion of infra-red light reaches 

 iiP.ugh the rye, but is not capable of 

 .- nerves and pro.iu.-ing sight. 

 "liwIlaneoiiH. M. Charle^ lii-het, in a pa- 



per on M Functions of IMen*. in Man and Ani- 

 mala/* deals, among other things, with the power 

 warm-blooded animals have of resisting expos- 

 ure to cold. In the dog exposure to a cold of 

 !' C. for half an hour was accompanied bv a 

 ri in the rwtal temperature, and it resisted 

 tiie effects of that degree of < old for two hours. 

 SWifritt* on exposure to cold may be con 

 Uh -marks, with the be 



Ib points 

 sentiment of fear 

 so many animals and cir- 

 h saves us oft<n from our- 

 riesame may be said of the feeling of 

 **b*t maintain* that were it not 

 Mion of vertigo falls and serious ac- 

 f much more frequont occur- 

 north- anticipation of it, has 

 infliMwje, Under pain the respi- 

 "* the heart beats more rapid lv, 



IIUOTU, wiin me oei 



of sweat ing on exposure to heat. 



the advantage* of the scntime 



*M*b UMpbdTby o many anima 



CHflMtAflM^M Btwt -V>. .K m* 



^* ^^^* im wnicn saves UK <in*r 



.n.-rial lil..ol pn are ri- -. ih,. 



iin>rc abundantly all condition 

 tcn.l to tli. in, -HI .f tin- l.io|o_m, 



of the organism. A- 



have s.'lid. there is d\ll;i ' I he \\li(il t . 



'tally, he ihr remai 



means of defense we possess in u' 

 and phagooytes agnin-t the mult iplica: 

 microl.es m ',.ur s\>iem. 



It is remarked that i 

 agencies and more multifarious ami < 



chniiical phi-noine:. 

 cold-liliNided than among warm-l-. 

 mah. Some fishes and man\ 



.iniinali-ules have the power 

 light ; ^everal fishe-. a lug. ami a >!'. 



'ommaml of the elect n- ciiii.nl : 

 arthropods and a few niollu-k> ha\- 

 of secreting and emitting silk: m.! 

 amphibia, fishes, insert-, and ara. hnoids 

 intense poisons, which are \ery rare am- 

 higher animals. e\.-epi under diseased 

 lions : ilyes. also rare amon- mammalsan-: 

 are abundant in inollusksand inject- 

 are much more almndant among co]<l-|. 

 forms than among the hi-her animaU. I 

 .f these fai-ts the question is suggc-t<-d I'.v Mr. 

 J. W. Slater as a subject toward which r. 

 maybe directed whether the en. r-y \M 

 hot-blooded animals is expende.l in kecpi 

 the temperature <-f the body may not in the 

 cold-blooded forms be con \erted into lui: 

 or electrical or chemical cnei-_ 



Among a number of instances of death )>y 

 electricity studied by Mr. I'.n nhanlt \\. 

 recorded by Dr. J. Kratter of a man \v ! 

 traversed by a current of high ienj,,n. a> 

 found breathing st ertorously a few 

 the point where he made contact. T! 

 /inn-fun examination, twenty-one hours at"' 

 death, disclosed 2 small wounds. <>n.- on tin ;.- 

 dex linger, and the other on the ba<-k. iih larire 

 extravasations of bl(Ml in their vieinit) 

 the organs of the body showed hyper 

 blood, acute .edema of 'the lungs v 

 extravasations were observed in var 

 the imi-elrs were in extreme rigor, and tli.- 

 heart was partially relaxed. No mi r 

 changes were remarked. Dr. K ratter t 

 that the electric shock suddenly paraly/ 

 heart, and that was the immediat< 



accompanied by o-dema of the IIHIL 

 ducing hypervenosity of the blood. A markerl 

 contusion was seen on the left side of i 

 phragm at the p..jnt of contar-t of th< 

 Kxpcrimetit- made on animals h..u. .1 that in 

 them the respiration was usually primarily ar- 



ing asphyxia and si-eo'ndai 

 of the Jieart's action, though the h< 



' 

 by M. d'Arsonval. the current, of 



1 at the head of the man. :u 

 his la<-k. <>n the application of artificial 

 ration by Sylvester's method, more tl 

 hour afterward, recovery too k place. In ; , 

 . lionellan. on tlie j 



of a current of 1*,000 volts throu-h a man. 

 instantly resulted, witli dilated pufi: 

 the face, and W< .liriurn and toi 



ternating with clou: followed. The 



pulse was 80, the respiration, at first 



