898 



SERV1A. 



to telegraph Morse or cipher messages with im- 

 portant information from vessel to vessel. 



:l,c follow.!!.; dimensions and 

 powers are now common on our war ships: 80 

 centimetre* tliatnrter. 8.000 candle po 

 .let** diameter, 80,000 candle pow- 



"*> candle power; 90 



Several nations, notably the inn.d States 

 v . : , , ... :: ido i'lalx>raU! experiment?. 



OB the vi>r .. \ <>f tin- -ear< h liirlii a! 

 Hear, cloudy, foggy, and moonlight ni^lr 



I, Tin- roult obtained 



by the German committee was that <>n a 

 Moonless night a white lijjht of 1-candlc 

 , . : : i 1 mtl< . iiiul 1 mile "ii a rainy 



night, Tho American te-t -howed that in very 

 dear weather a \\z\\\ of 1 -candle power could be 

 of 1 imtiiii-al mile; 



1 of 8-candIe power, at 2 mile-; 1 of Hl-cumllc 



power. faintly 



while 1 of :w-candle power was seen 



plainly at that remove. With green light a 106- 



OafkUs power was vi-iMe for only 4 mil.-. 



light was found to ln> far more penetrat- 



ing than any tinted light, especially through 



fog. Experience has demonstrated that no au- 



tomatic device can take the place of a hand- 



controlled lamp. With automatic control iw< 



great difficulties occur which only hand control 



may remedy, vi/.. the shifting of the crater 



into an unfavorable position and the building 



point on the end of the nega- 



irM,n. technically called a mushroom," 



which the o|H-rator breaks off ly brin^in- tin- 



carbons together, which no automatic control 



could do. Kvcii were it possible to do this me- 



.illy. the len-theninu' <>f the arc and prob- 



able extinction <>f the Ijtfht would result. And 



':-tnndin;r the-e objections the au- 



tomatic lamp has some advantages. 



While, as we have seen tin- nnong 



Search lights, the Iv-h-. Mountain instrument. 

 has a mirror ~t feet in diameter, those employed 

 in the war - LQJ have the standard 



size of 90 with a 



(ss of A >. lnc two surfaces I- m- 

 parallel 



Metal reflectors, though as easy to construct 

 S those of glass, are, from their rapid deteriora- 

 tion of luster, especially at sea, d little value. 



!' m ' and <i.-rmany have 



surpassed all other countries in the manufacture 

 of these instruments, yet the success embodied 

 to the greatest of search lights, described in this 

 fp<r. must attest to the excellence of American 



MKVI A.a monarchy in xmithoast. 



ive body is a single Chamber, failed 

 the Sk'ij.^htina, consisting --f 1:54 members, 



. )'> dm-ct universal suffrage. 

 injcKmjr i* Alexander I. b ,rn Aug. 11. ]*; 

 i to th- throne aUlicated by 

 liUn. hn fftflu-r, on March 9, 1881). 

 Ill the rr.yiU power*. 



r by a /, /V/o/, on April HI. 1898. The 



H i- .-li- 



nger and Minister of 

 h: Mini 



<. I' ibUc 

 '' ' ^/^.In- 



and Worship, }.. Klerich : Min 



. ' ii ; Mini-: 



rullure ami Com ilioh : Mil. 



:rh. 

 I ill. Mice-. ; i.uduel for 



. r. i.r.Vi.lin ' ilinai . < r I;..:,. -. ..i ul.i.-l, 

 20,544,600 dinars an- derived fx.m 



tlon. 0,000,000 dina: 



dinar- Ir-m excise, 15,940,000 dina i 



000 dinar- fnun the law . 



from the ; 



fro'ii stab 

 . and -anital l"li fuie' 



From other 



tures are estimated tit 



"Ml are the civil list, 



interest on the debt, UMMMHI dn 



of the Skup-hnna. I .>.- I dinar- ll 



of the Council of 8t 



expenses, V.'.! s J.ii!!i dinar- pen-ion- and - . 



:. .'<; dinars the appropria' 

 ducat ion. and worship. 1.17" 

 for foreign ;.'( dinar- 



terior. U.J-J^.s;,: dinar- for tii... 



'..vs.",.!!.-,;, dinar- for public 

 2,980,666 dinars for ai^ricultui 



, I dinar- : : -ard of ( 



l.-.'.'i.?i:j dinar- for mi-.-ellaiieous expm 



The debt o,, .Inly l. 1895, amounted t.>8oM 

 51 L600 dinars. 



Ihe Armv. -The active army in 1^!'! 

 beivd !HMI ol'licers and !f,.l j; ,,",,.|i. \\itl, 



horses and 206 field iruns. 'I i 

 i/ed in ."i divisions, and in ca- 



, ") men constitute the field arm;. 

 which arc !.">. (;: f,,rt iv art ill. -r 

 tain artillery, -appcr- and miners, ' 

 :5s-j dc[K)t troops and "iMJ men m 



the first ban, and (J; {.?*." in the - 

 brin^ini; up the full war strength t 



-':'. men. 



<'oiiiiiii>m> and I'rodnrtion. 

 of cattle and pigs reach 20,000,000 dinars a 

 wheat and Indian corn about th< 

 dried prune- in some years half as much, tin- 

 product bdng from 90,000 to 40.000 



total value of the import- in l s !"> w.: 



.iinars. of \vl.i. : KM) dinars 



Anstria-ll:. .'.i-J.OOO dinar- from OrlK 



Britain, 231^000 dinar- from ( icrmaiiy. 



(KM> dinars from Turkey. 1.417.IMH) 



the United State-. l.ls;;.<i()i dinars from Rfll 



mania, and smaller amounts from I, 



rland. France, and Belgium. T' 

 ports were valued at 46,023,000 din.. 

 H.lld.(MK) dinars went to An-tr 



:.KK dinar- to (M-rmany. 'J.."l I.IHIU .i 

 Turkey, and the rest mostly to neigln 

 countries. 



4 oiiiiMiinic.il ion-. The railr 

 length of :'.::<; mil-s There 

 A ith l.n;:: m 



number of dispatches sent in I 

 of which 764 e internal. ll'.U'.rj ii 



tional. and 1 4. H."i7 transit di-pa - 

 ..llice carried 10.:',1.000 intern., 

 national, and l.H!>7.(KX) transit ! tt. 

 nals. The receipts of the postal and te! 

 department were 1,010,4-71 francs, a: 

 ancs. 



