700 



SLoVD. 



When the Hungarian Governm. -m pr. 1. 



pigs on sanitary grounds 

 Atened to retaliate b\ breaking 

 off commercial relation* with Austria-Hui 



A ... f the regulation was secured in 



SeptetnUT.u hereby p.p. . H 



a week's quarantine, and those 

 re allowed to pass through 

 inclination. 



When the Skup*htiiia n. 



wa* announced fr tin- reform of tin- '--MM it u- 



IKUI. with tin- niiu of securing stability. The 



.il difficulties were surmounted i.\ t 



Q -.eminent, and . 



were N'. .jr. -1 f--r the pa\m. m <>f tin- inter 

 the debt air .-im. ami for the con- 



version and unification of the principal loans. 

 s|o\ n. ;j the study of iloyd in the 



public schools of Sweden has created int. M 

 teresL The sloyd, a system >f manual training 

 in wood and metal %v.>rk. i* taught as an .-pi i-.n;il 



I College, has been universally adopted. 

 Tin* has been called the slovd system* It- ob- 

 ject is solely educational. The faults of the old 

 method of teaching only theoretical subjects be- 



ognized, the ! f the teacher* in 



this field were studie.l. and a method was formu- 

 lated which combines hand and head work in the 

 simplest way possible. 



{eakin? of the sloyd svstem. it is neces- 

 sary to avoid confounding the sloyd series of 

 model* with the system itself. The t WO are en- 



iistinct. A "series of models is never more 

 than the outward expression of an idea. Model* 

 of almost any kind could IK? constructed on the 



.pie* that underlie those of the Nail* 

 and. though very different in form, they ini^'ht 



i|iial educational advantages, and mi;:! it 

 IN- more applicable in certain instai. 

 .vord *lo\d (Sweilish. Slojd) is from the 

 Mid "means dexterity or skill. Old 



-h ha* the ad- -lie or skill- 



full. In t) t the word A7/7- 



;lar signification. There is in 

 Sweden a <li*tinct class of workmen known as 

 sloyder*. whom we would call " jack*-of-all- 



tradc*.** as they are able t i- kind- of 



jbs about a house. The Swedish word 

 Sltjd exists in other languages, but has a more 

 restricted meaning, referring to the educational 

 idea. In Kn^li*h it ouswith manual 



training as distinct from technical and indus- 

 trial train 



The *loyd has for it* fir*t object to give an 



mche< 

 of crrum trade* and bv Imparting a - 



ntv to the hand. The Swedes set out to 



lhh this by tM,,.|,i nk r t | M . | >(lV * in the 



the rudiments of sj>ecial trades: but 



i<rtled that system some years ago, 



t them that t; ..,* not old 



r-ufh to know what particular trade he *l,ould 



Ai-in. usually only one trade <-,, u |d U- 



thi,*,f course, did not accom: 

 ith which the instruct ion was given. 

 *ibU- to teach any one trade tho,- 

 oughly in the bon tune that could be .i 



to it aj .md.as a re*ult. many i-hililren 



left the school impressed \\itli the n'l.ti,.; 



. I'e c..Mlpetel|| Wi >l'k Illell . 



f the *h-\d i- t.. d. 



the mental fae;dtie* and. at t lie -a me tii 

 impart p.*it i\e u*eful informal ion. I 

 the dwlrine that educator- and tea 



been preaching for a lonu r time th. 



ical direction to menial acti\ , 

 not only Lorn to think. l>ut uNo to d 

 creative animal; he can and mu-t eml.o 

 in form. 



The thinl ol.ject ..f the *l..\il i- I 



mean- of int.-n-if \ in- intuitions, lh< 



a clean-r in-i-ht into tin- nature of 

 list ruction 



cell! rated -all the -Inject- clovely illtel",', 



the one servini: to aid in the com'prehen> 

 the otlu-r so the sloyd. in coml>inii. 

 ret ical and practical, by teachin.t: t! 

 of the arts and sciences' and the im; 

 strife! ion and illustration, aims to excite : 

 tuitive faculty. 



Sloyd aims to cultivate dexterity in ||. 

 nipulation of tool*. This j* considered 

 its secondary aims. Too much stress im, 

 be laid upon' the use of tools, as the pupil 

 t.. l.*e int-re*t in the work if he d< 

 full and ) nick result for his labor. In Fltf^H 

 at one time, the children were taught ' 

 *es in the u-e of t.M.l*. and mod, ] 

 not made at all. In the Danish -\-t.m the 

 making of model* is considered of sec. 

 importance. Very few are made. an<i 

 only because they necessitate certain 



exerci*es of the too]*. The ll-e of nmii\ 

 should be taught, but should serve rath- 

 means than an end to thi* instruction. 



Primarily, sloyd i* to be used as a m< 

 formal cdu'eat i.n--f<>rmal, a.s opposed t.. 

 rial. A material education seek- to impart, a 

 definite knowledge of thinu r * for tin ir owi 

 A formal education seeks chielly to devi l"p the 

 innate, mental powers, and select* and impart* 

 knowledge in order to *tren:_'t In ti chai 

 will power, memory, percept ion in *1 .. 

 tho*e faculti<-s of the mind which at bi- 

 dormant, and which through education i 

 chara teri-l i'* of the itulividual. 



its aims, as a mean* of formal 

 instruction, to in*till a love for work 

 to cr j.ect for r-'U-h. h< 



; f. ilevelop srlf-relianee and ill-i 



rain to hal.it- of order. exactmJK 

 cleanliness, and ; to teach habit 



tent ion. industry, and per 



the development of the phv-i'-al pov 



train the eye to the sense of form : and 

 tivate dexterity of hand. The foil, 

 principle* which have served as <. 

 choice of the models: 

 1. All artielcHof luxur 



..-!ieul \alii- 



8. The object* can be finished I 

 selv. 



l. Ti.. ' ' ' 



tin-ly Of wood. 



|.!..y,-,l. Inn that the child .-li'-n 



required to make th.-e th,- 

 5. The work b not to be polished. This refers t- 



