

i./.i T.I. A. 



had i mimd .at. ly 

 Government ..f the repa 

 President Crespo demur 

 nitv and especially to 



informed the London 

 tion already made, and 

 ed to pi ndem- 



torna in which 



ment of Brit- 





dOMBdad, implying an acknowledg 



,,.'.- \ onuUL <! al Britain 



then proposed arbitration of the question : but 

 t,, thl a would n<it agree, because it 



would likewise assume that the incident occurred 



terrr 



Mining began in 1886, and since the rupture 

 the invading miners have advanced up cnvum 

 u-yond the Bohomborffc hm- until they 

 hare reached the district of tlu- Callao mine. 

 owned in great part by the KnjrlMi linn of 

 Rothschild, whirli has long been worked. pn- 

 4 $30,000,000, by a company that holds its 

 concession from and pays royalties to th. 

 taelan Government All the streams flowing 

 ivuni. the Mazaruni. the Barima. 

 and the Amaruka an- rich in p>ld. Th.- w..rk is 

 lankly d.-nc f-T tin- Knglish miners by imported 

 .ntract laborers. The output rose from 

 fll-J.ooo in 1886 to nearly $500.000 in 1888. 



duct for the first five years was $v 



"'. In 1893 $2,400,000 was taken out : in l^.M, 



$2.485.< NN i. A I. out 10,000 laborers were em- 



ployed in the diggings in 1805. Th. richest field 



Yuruari district, the farthest within the 



Venezuelan claim. tx>rdering on settled 



zuelan territory, and this is now entireh 



ered l>y minim; claims. Tin- only min- 



,-h (iuiar.a is in this part of the 



d territory that lies mostly west of the 



,k line", and was never claimed nor 



id until after the gold discov- 



eries. The British colonial authorities look to 



this new industry of gold mining, at the extreme 



limit of their territorial claim in this region, to 



the decay and bankruptcy of British 



Guiana, when-, in -pile of the -.'old exports the 



t.ll exports have fallen off from $r<?.f><M>.000 in 



1891 to*ll.7<Ni.<MKi in 1894,80 rapid is the de- 



cline of the sugar industry, which has been the 



H only source of wealth, and ha- n< 



resuscitated by supplant in- free negro labor with 



contract coolie UMOT. states are 



rapid.. it of cultivation, the acreage 



baring dumm-hed from 7H.500 a.-n- in 1884 to 



69300 in 1894 and about 60,0(M) in i *::,. when 



the process Mill continued rapid rate, 



lie prospect of a reduction of lo.(MK) acres 



more in the course .f another \.-ar. I 



Joseph II. Chamberlain; the British Colonial 



try. has nrpd the building of a rand from 



th* Barima to the Cuvuni for the development 



of the northwest district of Uriti-h (iuiana.as 



Ite mining region i- ,-alled. In a di-pat.-h to 



. ...... na in September, 



Mft, he said it would be necessary, in opi 

 rookie adeooatel? for the safety of the di- 

 ad seeore It against in<-ur>i.n. to 

 the txbtinic police and t kwmokl at 



^aniwjaodatooeor \\hen 



on of 



Ike Colonial Gorrrnmont prompted bythit me*-* 

 Me to buy c.uirk.flring and On 



th^ latter to the frontier, it was vig- 



otpr~,l br Che electire members, who 



I would be folly to make a show of 



wee on the \ cnewwlan frontier, which could 



only le reached by three weeks' traveling 

 through the luih. one of them prophesying that, 

 the fir>l ne\s> they wmild ^'et of the (iatli: 



would In- . itited as a curi. 



Ciudad Boli\.,!. Mr. ( 'hamlierlain. considering 

 that there was not enough capital in I 

 (itiiana or anioiii: the advi-ntureix \\h<> \\ . 

 tracted to the gold flrlds to dcvvhip the mines 

 with desirable rapidity, >*et about seek in- 



in Midland prepare. 1 to 

 capital Mini the collection ..f a lair p-i' 



Id field iii the northucst tli-trict. Th,. 

 white or Kuropean-born populalioii of I 

 (imaiia in is'.U wax 'J.-VUl. while (In ' 



\fricans, 105,46.") Mast Indian-, an<; 

 Chinese. 



ies Callao. there are other mine- h 

 xuelan (iuiana worked l>y l-'rench. Mnu'li-h. and 

 nelan companies. l-]\cept in the t.. uns 

 and mining settlement-, the country i-. in! 

 only by a few priini 1 . The inn 



forests of the upper Ciiynni district, rich in 

 quinine, rubber, cinnamon, and sarapia. are nn- 

 exploit.-d. owin.u' to the lack of tran-p. r 

 facilities. A railroad has I" -n |.pije'i.-d 

 170 miles from the OriinK-c, to the Vuruati, pass- 

 ing through the towns of St. Felix. I 

 sipati. ami Caratal. American com|,;ini< 

 obtained CO! ,cl..pment of \\\h 



lands, forests, and mines in thU region. The 

 < >rin<>co ( lompany has a grant of L 4,400.000 acra^ 



The Maiio;i ^rant. which lap-c.l an: 

 ward ; 1. covered almut l-l.dOd.om 



near the month of the (irinoco. 



The fuilrd States Coli^ros on M. 



in a joint resolution, declared that "th. 

 dent's suggestion thai (Jn-at Britain and 

 zuela refer their disputes as to boundaries to 

 friendly arbitration be earnestly recomn 

 t.. the favorable consideration of both parties in 

 inter. 



On July 'JO. isiir,. Secretary O!: letter 



to the American ambassador at London, in 

 which he siid it is impossible to treat th.; 

 Schomburgk line as a matter of ri^fli' 

 thini: but a line originating in -on-idcrat 

 conveni. -ncc and expediency : 1 liat 

 otln-r boundary lines suggested by (J real Britain 

 were prof)osed as conventional line- to which 

 the assent of Yenc/uela was desired, u 

 manded as a matter of ri^ht : and neither 



for a boundary line predicated UDOfl 

 '-trict le:al riu r l ' '.'itain ha\iii- f.nnu- 



lated no such claim, and Vene/uela in-i-i 



-'<juilo line only as a concession t. * 

 Britain, trranted out .lion and pru- 



retary of State unaly/i ! : 

 nation as follows: 



1. The title to territory of imlefin 



in di-pir 

 Britain on the one hund an<l tin- S.uth . \iner; 



f'tllilie fit' \'e||C/Uelll (ill the . ' 



-'. The .li-juirity in tlie stren^tli of tin 



Hlioh ti la ejin liope to c-tJihli- 



only th rough |.-jieeful method throagh an ajrree- 



iiient with her a-l\ 



iifon an arliitra: 

 3. Tl 



Britain' ha- exicted t'r nr 

 .'V. "lurinir wJiieh p-ri'Kl many . 



: Vi-iie/m-lu to establish a boundary 

 by agreement have proved unsuccessful. 



