WEST AFKICA. 



the King of Kumami. Ti ion of these 



tribes was accomplished without bloodriM 



By thi Franco-German agree m. r 

 15, 1894. the tlfteenth meridian east of < 

 wich is reoogni/ .a-t.-m limit 



tn sphere of influence from 4" to 8* 80' 

 :,.. The southern boundary of 

 the Cameroon* protectorate was defined 

 Franco-German agreement of Dec. 24, 1886, as 

 running fnm the mouth of the Camp. 

 doe east to about 1"> <>f east lon-itude. Sine,- 

 thtfl the French expeditions . .in de 



Brazxa. M ixon. and Maistre I 'rated 



the German //intfrhind from the I bangi up 

 to the llrnue and Lake Chad, establishing sta- 



Uons on the Sanga river and the station and 

 ivory depot of Gasa and making tr- 

 the I- >uthe Sanga and Shari 



nnd in the inti-rmediate country. The German 

 ex|edjti..n of Kund. Tappenbeck, Zintmff, 

 Gravenreuth. ami M- r penetrated be- 



voiid the twelfth meridian in the south r the 

 ide of the Kngli-h station of Vola in 



the north. The English were chagrined al the 



abandonment of the llintrrland to France in 

 the new treaty. Kumle is reserved to France, 

 although it was found to lie ju-t we-t of longi- 



11 frontier is extend- 



of the fifteenth meridian in the south, s 

 give to Germanvthe right bank of the Nir-k.. 

 For a part of its lower course and W kilometres 

 .f the right bank of the Sanga for the develop- 



mmercial interests of 



Cameroon*. In the north the Herman sphere is 

 contracted above latitude 8 80', where the line 

 runs northwest to Lame and Bifara. which are 

 included in the French possessions, and then 

 rth to longitude 10 f giving France access 

 to the Bonue through its tributary, the May.. 

 Kebbe. It follow, the tenth parallel eastward 

 to the Shari beyond the seventeenth meridian, 

 and in- IT. le left bank of that 



to Lake Chad, thus giving to Germany a 

 part ofithe territory of Bornu and the south 

 shore dflLake Chad 'from the mouth of the Shari 

 to the boundary of the Knglish sphere, west of 

 Decgtla. The treaty secures to Germany the 

 right of navigation <>n the Sanga and on the 

 imercial communications 

 with the Congo basin and the central Soudan. 



The German administration in Cameroons re- 

 ceived in WW a severe setback. The Soudanese 

 soldiery mutinied and seized the arms and am- 

 munition. They were subdu- 1. but an investi- 

 gation into the causes of tin- outbreak r. 

 the atrocious cruel tv of the (ierman .fli--ial-. 

 SMdally Leist. the head of the adminNt r 

 who wa promptly dUmisw.! when it was proved 

 thai he had been guilty of inhumanity not only 

 to the soldiers ami nati\e men. but U> women. " 

 In the spring of 1895 the fJ f the 



Oasaerooitt, Herr von I'uttkaraer, carriwl on a 

 ttmpaign against the Ba-kc.ko trib<-s in the in- 



w. The German forces stormed 4 of their 

 ggMjMds, losing 12 kUled and killing 200 



two vran the British carried on active 

 "ions for the subjugation of the Egbasand 



back of Lagna. In 1894 a naval force 

 sent to Benin to reduce the chief Nana 



-ulimit to the authority of the 

 .' . !!;- town was stoni 

 ;'*>. after which he delixeivd him-. 

 at Laijos. In the autumn a llrili-h 



named Fergunon proclaimed a pr-t 

 Salaga and oiher disinri- n.-rthwi-- 

 land, although these were declared neutral in an 

 nan au'ivemeiit made in l sss 11. 'ir 

 Kliiitf. l.ieut. VII Knniaji. and 1 >r. ( i i iiiier led 



int.. the J/intrrl'i 

 while ('apt. I>ec<i-iir. M. AII'V. 

 and M. I'.allo: li I >a- 



.i versed th. 



-. and all obtain, d treat ie> froii 

 chief- iii r, oiue of the saiip 



that the mulat: n lia<l n.-ppti;. 1 



in An. < 'apt. K. I >. I .ii^ard. fo'. . 



iitained new treaties m r. 

 (i.-rman- claimed the whde nupir. 

 whii-h they said was iudi-pclldellt of Sok*. 1 

 a l-o the la i n Is of llorin. Lokoja^ Saria, and 

 They -tiro us of e\iendin;r 



their protectorate t.. the Nicer. I. m the I 

 were unwilling to concede all their dan 

 OftllM th.'-i- would sever the hahoiney protecto- 

 rate from the Soiulnn. In Feln-iiarx. 

 Tontee, crossing from Dahomey to th< 

 eluded various treaties. The l-'rench c-laimed 

 Niki and Bussaasthr Hinterland ot hahomey. 

 lut the Mntflish held that the treaty line froin 

 Say to Barua precluded them from acquiring 

 any rights within the bend of the Ni 

 in Bornu or Adamawa, The King of I'.aiil.a. or 

 BorgO, Signed a treaty for ('apt. Lu^ard on Nov. 

 15, 1894. at Niki: hut ('apt. h.-c.i-ur. who,, I, 

 n politieal ' Wv, ,<. Iw-lieved th. 



lish document to he a commercial an 

 only. Lieut. .Mi/on had obtained a ; 



from the ruler of Adamawa in Au-u-t, 



.ml had left a force at Yola : but the 

 Knirli-h claimed A<lamawa a- a dependency of 

 SokotO, although they had previously c-,r. 

 it to Germany, and (Jermany had n-iirned her 



to Prance. The French and the (iermans 

 persistently denied that the Briti-h v 



.1 political treaty with 



,ltan if Sokoto or the other pot. : 

 asserting that the treaties simply e\.-nded to 

 Europeans in general the rijrht to tn 

 io the payment of tolls to the nativi- rulers. 

 Many complaints have been made, both by t he 

 French and by the (irrman-. of the -t..p| 

 trading vessels and experlition- bv the 



:ii\ in i-ontravriitioii of the Berlin 

 1885, whi.-h made the Ni^.-r fn-e to the 11. 

 all nations Indemnity has been paid for the 

 illegal sei/ure of vessels; but thi^ ha- n 



the company from repeat in-: the act in 

 order to defeat the 'commercial and political de- 

 signs of its foreign comp d the 



!.-.- -.f iyi| a Fr.-nch -unboat. the ' Ardent." 



entered th- r UM purpose of succorinc 



the Frenci. \'\n. but ran upon ,, 



bank, and could not be pot off for six iiK.nt hs. 

 The French (iovernment ordered the commander 



.rn to the sea with his vessel, which he did 

 assoonas the water rose. The company'- offi- 

 cials. who hail allowed the gunboat to p, 



- they had not the fore.- to -top it. ar- 

 rested a German steamer that entered th 

 with supplies for the stranded vessel. 



