298 A JOURNE? IN BRAZIL. 



their mixtures are compared. White and negro produce 

 mulattoes, white and Indian produce mamelucos, negro and 

 Indian produce cafuzos, and these three kinds of half- 

 breeds are not connecting links between the pure races, 

 but stand exactly in that relation to them in which all 

 hybrids stand to their parents. The mameluco is as truly 

 a half-breed between white and Indian, the cafuzo as truly 

 a half-breed between negro and Indian, as is the mulatto, 

 commonly so called, a half-breed between white and negro. 

 They all share equally the peculiarities of both parents, 

 and though more fertile than half-breeds in other families 

 of the animal kingdom, there is in all a constant ten 

 dency to revert to the primary types in a country where 

 three distinct races are constantly commingling, for they 

 mix much more readily with the original stocks than with 

 each other.* Children between mameluco and mameluco, 

 or between cafuzo and cafuzo, or between mulatto and 

 mulatto, are seldom met with where the pure races occur ; 

 while offspring of mulattoes with whites, Indians and ne 

 groes, or of mamelucos with whites, Indians, and negroes, 

 or of cafuzos with whites, Indians, and negroes, form the 

 bulk of these mixed populations. The natural result 

 of an uninterrupted contact of half-breeds with one an 

 other is a class of men in which pure type fades away 

 as completely as do all the good qualities, physical and 

 moral, of the primitive races, engendering a mongrel 

 crowd as repulsive as the mongrel dogs, which are apt 

 to be their companions, and among which it is impossible 

 to pick out a single specimen retaining the intelligence, 

 the nobility, or the affectionateness of nature which makes 



* For some remarks concerning the structural peculiarities of the Indians 

 and Negroes, see Appendix No. V. 



