10-11.] NOTES. 83 



destroyed the supremacy of Sparta in the Peloponnese. Up to 

 his fortieth year he led a retired life and studied under Lysis the 

 Pythagorean, who was an exile from Tarentum. Xenophon, see 

 note on p. 60, 1. 13. 



Page 11, 1. 1. abated, lit. beat down. It is connected with to 

 batter. 



\. 2. made way to, prepared the way for. 



1. 3. this concurrence, etc. Cf. Gibbon, ch. x., "In the most 

 polite and powerful nations, genius of every kind has displayed 

 itself about the same period : and the age of science has generally 

 been the age of military virtue and success." 



1. 5. both, notice that the word is not used in its proper dual 



1. 9. captains, military leaders. 



1. 12. about an age, i.e. about the same age. 



1. 18. hurt than enable, unfit than qualify. For a similar use 

 of enable, cf. p. 39, 1. 3. 



1. 20. empiric, derived from the Greek empeiria, i.e. experi 

 ence. The name of Empirics was anciently given to a sect of 

 physicians who contended that practice was the one thing 

 necessary in their art. The word empiric is used generally to 

 denote a quack, as opposed to one who has had a scientific 

 training. For which we should say who. 



1. 21. pleasing, i.e. with which the empirics themselves are 

 satisfied, receipts, prescriptions. 



1. 23. complexions, constitutions. 



1. 24. accidents, symptoms. 



1. 25. men of practice, whose knowledge is derived simply 

 from their own experience, and who know nothing of the 

 principles of law. 



1. 27. falleth out, happens, besides, used as a preposition for 

 beside, i.e. outside of. The final s in besides is an adverbial 

 suffix. 



1. 28. so by like reason, etc. Cf. Essay 1. "The chief use 

 of studies for ability is in the judgment and disposition of busi 

 ness. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of 

 particulars, one by one : but the general counsels, and the plots 

 and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. 

 ... To judge wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar. ... 

 Studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, 

 except they be bounded in by experience." 



1. 29. of doubtful consequence, dangerous : lit. of which the 

 result cannot be foreseen. 



1. 31. contrariwise, on the other hand. A learned man is not 



