88 OF THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. [PAGES 



accusation he had to retire from Athens. He died at Samos, 

 B.C. 314. 



1. 9. doubt, fear, expulse, expel. 



1. 11. at unawares. See above, p. 10, 1. 6. 



1. 12. both, viz. , business and learning. 



1. 14. of, we should say for. 



1. 15. depravation, slander, all, any. It is a Latinism. 



1. 18. it, redundant. A man who simply obeys a rule of which 

 he cannot understand the reason is compared to a blind man who 

 follows a guide without seeing where he is going. Those who 

 can see the reasonableness of duty, and are sufficiently enlightened 

 to see what their duty is, are more likely to do it, than those who 

 simply yield an unintelligent obedience to what seems an arbitrary 

 command. 



1. 20. without, outside : beyond dispute. 



1. 21. maniable, manageable. 



1. 22. thwart, perverse. 



1. 23. clear, prove. 



1. 28. blasphemy, used in the general sense of evil speaking, or 

 slander. We use it to signify profane language. 



1. 36. to brave, to challenge. 



Page 16, 1. 7. historiographer, lit. a writer of histories. We 

 should say historian. Livy (50 B.C. -17 A.D.) wrote the history of 

 Rome from its foundation to the death of Drusus, 9 B.C. Of the 

 142 books only 35 have come down to us, and two of those are 

 imperfect. 



1. 8. Marcus Varro, born B.C. 116, was distinguished for his 

 vast and varied erudition. Only a few fragments of his great 

 work on Roman antiquities have survived, the best or second 

 orator, Bacon doubts whether Cicero or Demosthenes is first. 



1. 11. the Thirty Tyrants, after the retirement of the Spartans 

 from Athens, B. c. 404, the government of the city was for a short 

 time in the hands of a Committee of Thirty. Bacon is mistaken 

 here. It is true that Socrates was summoned before the Thirty 

 and reprimanded. But his trial and death took place under the 

 restored democracy. 



1. 12. envious, malicious. For a similar use of the word in a 

 much stronger sense than it now bears, Wright refers to Shaks. 

 Mer. of Yen., iii. 2. 285, "But none can drive him from the 

 envious plea of forfeiture, of justice, and his bond." 



1. 15. accumulate, loaded. This form of the participle in verbs 

 derived from the Latin frequently occurs in Bacon's writings. 



1. 18. sovereign, see on p. 6, 1. 33. for, as. For a similar 



