130 OF THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. [PAGES 



1. 9. which grow from man to man, which men inflict on one 

 another before they are softened and civilized by learning. 



1. 11. lively, vividly. It is properly an adjective. When the 

 adjective already ends in ly it is often used as an adverb too. 



1. 12. Orpheus, the wonderful musician who, by the magic of 

 his lyre, is said to have made even the trees of the forest follow 

 him. 



1. 14. game, playfulness. 



1. 15. airs and accords, tunes and harmonies. We still use the 

 word ' air ' in this sense. 



1. 21. sweetly touched with, i.e., made pleasant to the ear by. 

 The metaphor is from ' touching ' the strings of a harp. Elo 

 quence will charm man, as music charmed the brutes. 



1. 23. instruments, viz., eloquence and persuasion of books, 

 etc. , but the metaphor from music is still kept up ; for we talk of 

 a musical * instrument,' to express anything from which musical 

 sounds are produced. 



1. 24. that, see note on p. 10, 1. 1. 



1.28. popular estates, republics. With this paragraph, cf. p. 11. 



1. 30. Then should people, etc. This saying is taken from 

 Plato's Republic. See p. 20, 1. 33. 



1. 35. customs, the Latin translation adds 'like other men.' 

 illuminate, see on p. 16, 1. 15. 



Page 49, 1. 1. refrain them, we now use the word 'refrain' in 

 transitively. 



1. 2. peremptory, irremediable : or the word may be used in 

 its literal sense of destructive. With this passage, cf. Essay xx. 

 "It was truly said, The dead are the best councillors : books will 

 speak plain, when councillors blanch (are afraid). Therefore it 

 is good to be conversant in them : specially the books of such, as 

 themselves have been actors upon the stage." 



1. 6. men of experience, mere empirics. Cf. "which are only 

 men of practice," p. 11, 1. 26. 



1. 8. near hand, an adverbial phrase. It means near, or close 

 at hand. 



1. 9. agility, we still speak of a 'quick,' i.e., a ready wit. to 

 ward, we say to ward off: i.e., to keep off: to parry. 



1. 12. the age which passed, etc., from A.IX 96 to 180. 



1. 16. for temporal respects, for temporal considerations. The 

 Latin translation has, ' If we look only to temporal prosperity.' 

 ' Temporal ' is opposed to spiritual. 



1. 17. which was a model of the world, which may be taken to 

 represent the whole world, since it nearly included it. 



