EMOTIONS OF CHILDREN AND SAVAGES. 21 



at first; for though in each of these multitudinous ex 

 periences a special set of facial and vocal signs has been 

 connected with a special set of pleasures or pains, yet 

 since these pleasures or pains have been immensely varied 

 in their kinds and combinations, and since the signs that 

 preceded them were in no two cases quite alike, it results 

 that to the last the consciousness produced remains as 

 vague as it is voluminous. The myriads of partially- 

 aroused ideas resulting from past experiences are massed 

 together and superposed, so as to form an aggregate in 

 which nothing is distinct, but which has the character of 

 being pleasurable or painful according to the nature of 

 its original components ; the chief difference between this 

 developed feeling and the feeling aroused in the infant 

 being, that on bright or dark background forming the 

 body of it, may now be sketched out in thought the par 

 ticular pleasures or pains which the particular circum 

 stances suggest as likely. 



&quot;What must be the working of this process under the 

 conditions of aboriginal life ? The emotions given to the 

 young savage by the natural language of love and hate in 

 the members of his tribe, gain first a partial defmiteness 

 in respect to his intercourse with his family and play 

 mates ; and he learns by experience the utility, in so far 

 as his own ends are concerned, of avoiding courses which 

 call from others manifestations of anger, and taking courses 

 which call from them manifestations of pleasure. Not 

 that he consciously generalizes. He does not at that age, 

 probably not at any age, formulate his experiences in the 

 general principle that it is well for him to do things which 

 bring smiles from others, and to avoid doing things which 

 bring frowns. What happens is, that having, in the way 

 shown, inherited this connection between the perception 

 of anger in others and the feeling of dread, and having 



