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have long been the wonder and perplexity of 

 naturalists. Among these lower orders natur 

 alists meet with startling variations within the 

 limits of known species variations which can 

 not possibly be the result of evolution, for they 

 occur in members of the same family or off 

 spring of the same parent. These alterations 

 occur not only in the characteristic marks, but, 

 also in the physiological structure. Often 

 these differences are met with in the different 

 sexes of the same species. To pass over those 

 cases which are so familiar to every one the 

 difference between the male and female of the 

 peacock, the pheasant, the fowl; if we go into 

 Father Wasmann's own domain, we shall find 

 that some ants are winged while their females 

 are wingless a wide morphological difference. 

 Mr. Wallace was the first to call attention to 

 the fact that among butterflies in the Malayan 

 Archipelago, the females of a certain species 

 regularly appear under two or even three con 

 spicuously distinct forms, not connected by in 

 termediate varieties. The same is said to be 

 true of certain Brazilian crustaceans. Of the 

 Lepidoptera Mr Wallace says "there is no 



